Overview of transparent optical ceramics for high-energy lasers at NRL

Kim, Woohong; Villalobos, Guillermo; Baker, Colin; Frantz, Jesse A.; Shaw, Brandon; Bayya, Shyam; Bowman, S. R.; Sadowski, Bryan; Hunt, Michael; Rock, B. Y.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.

doi:10.1364/ao.54.00f210

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Crystal photograph and transmission spectrum of LGSO:Y [47]. et al [6] produced by hot-pressing a 10% Yb:Lu 2 O 3 laser crystal pumped at 975 nm and emitting at 1080 nm presenting a slope efficiency of 74% with an output power of 16 W.…”

Section: Neodyminum (Lgso:nd) and Ytterbium-doped (Lgso:yb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lutetium oxyorthosilicate (Lu 2 SiO 5 , LSO) has attracted the attention of researchers due to their favorable thermal and optical properties, which make it suitable as host materials to be used in photonics as laser media [3][4][5][6] or scintillators [7,41,59]. The main technique for producing LSO crystals is usually the CZ method.…”

Section: Lutetium Oxyorthosilicate (Lso)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production of high-quality silicate-based single crystals is mainly accomplished by solid state and Czochralski methods ( [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and references therein). However, these methods require several amounts of material and the use of crucibles that can introduce external contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Floating Zone: General Overview Focusing on the Oxyorthosilicates Growth

Rey-García¹,

Bao-Varela²,

Costa³

2020

Synthesis Methods and Crystallization

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This chapter reviews the laser floating zone (LFZ) technique, also known as the laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG), focusing on the recently produced rareearth-doped oxyorthosilicate fibers. LFZ has been revealed as a suitable prototyping technique since high-quality crystals can be developed in short time with low consumption of precursor materials in a crucible-free processing that ensures to practically avoid by-products. Moreover, additional advantages are the possibility to treat and melt highly refractory materials together with the easy way for tailoring the final microstructural characteristics and this way the macroscopic physical properties. Thus, refractory rare-earth (RE) doped oxyorthosilicates following the formula RE 2 SiO 5 have been recently produced by the LFZ technique for tuning laser emission parameters. The oxyorthosilicates have high chemical stability and allow incorporation of many rare-earth ions yielding different applications, such as laser host materials, gamma ray detectors or scintillators, environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) and waveguides, among others. Thus, different kinds of oxyorthosilicates were produced by the LFZ technique, and the detailed effects of the main processing parameters on crystal's characteristics are discussed in this chapter.

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Section: Neodyminum (Lgso:nd) and Ytterbium-doped (Lgso:yb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lutetium Oxyorthosilicate (Lso)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Floating Zone: General Overview Focusing on the Oxyorthosilicates Growth

Rey-García¹,

Bao-Varela²,

Costa³

2020

Synthesis Methods and Crystallization

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“…The most important applications of YAG transparent ceramics include the high power solid state laser materials and high-temperature optical windows, etc. [1][2][3][4][5]. For such applications, materials must have good is an intrinsic material property that is known as the critical stress intensity factor at which a crack of a given size starts to grow in an unstable manner under plane strain conditions and opening mode loading (mode I).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new methodology to obtain the fracture toughness of YAG transparent ceramics

Wang

Huang

et al. 2019

J Adv Ceram

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A new methodology was proposed for testing the fracture toughness of YAG transparent ceramics depended on temperature. In our model, the fracture toughness, as a material-specific property, can be expressed as tensile strength treated as the physical property or a material constant. Using this method, a suitable size larger than the inherent defects of ceramic samples and the creation of atomically sharp pre-cracks on the surface of ceramic specimens were able to be ignored. Besides, the fracture of ceramic can be described as the equivalence between the release of elastic storage energy and surface energy associated with the new fracture surface. From thermodynamics theory, the system's internal energy includes the kinetic energy of atomic motion and the potential energy between atoms in the system. Finally, the fracture toughness at different temperatures can also be calculated by this simple quantitative relationship. In order to confirm the validity of this model, the decreasing fracture toughness of YAG transparent ceramic with increasing temperature was predicted, and the result coincided with the experimental results.

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“…As a common consolidation method, it is well known that hot pressing has been proven to be an effective and viable way to prepare various optically transparent non-oxide and oxide ceramics, such as ZnS, CaF 2 , Y 2 O 3 , Lu 2 O 3 , and MgAl 2 O 4 [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. It has also been demonstrated that Cr 2+ :ZnSe transparent ceramics with suitable properties for laser applications can be fabricated via hot pressing [37].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot-pressed chromium doped zinc sulfide infrared transparent ceramics

Liu

Fedorov

et al. 2016

Scripta Materialia

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The present study, for the first time, reports the successful consolidation of chromium doped zinc sulfide (ZnS) polycrystalline infrared (IR) transparent ceramics (maximum transmittance of 67% at 11.6 μm) via hot pressing under vacuum. The phase composition of the as-sintered Cr 2+ :ZnS ceramics was determined to be primarily cubic ZnS sphalerite, with a minor amount of hexagonal ZnS wurtzite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of the sintered ceramics showed a highly consolidated microstructure. IR absorption and photoluminescence measurements revealed that the Cr 2+ ions are tetrahedrally coordinated within the ZnS host lattice. ZnSAs an extensively characterized II-VI wide bandgap semiconductor, zinc sulfide has been of significant interest for a long time due to its promising applications in various fields, including optical ceramics, phosphors, quantum dots, photocatalysts, and sensors [1][2][3][4]. When doped with transition metals and rare earth elements, ZnS can exhibit a wide range of luminescence behaviors in the visible and infrared regions [5][6][7][8][9]. In addition, due its exceptional performance as a material for room-temperature tunable solid state laser gain media in the mid-IR region, transition metal doped ZnS has inspired a tremendous amount of interest for researchers in past decades.In 1996, researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory demonstrated the potential of divalent transition metal doped zinc chalcogenides as materials for mid-IR laser applications © 2016. This manuscript version is made available under the Elsevier user license http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ [10]. Various divalent transition metals (Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Fe 2+ and Cr 2+ ) were doped into ZnS/ZnSe/ZnTe hosts, and their room temperature mid-IR lasing performances were examined. It was determined that the tetrahedral substitution sites, rather than the octahedral sites, are more favorable doping sites for transition metals in the zinc chalcogenides. The tetrahedral coordination of dopants might contribute to the observed intense low-energy transitions, due to small crystal field splitting. Among the Zn chalcogenides, Cr 2+ doped ZnS/ZnSe showed exceptionally strong room-temperature absorption and emission in the mid-IR region. In addition, temperature-dependent lifetime measurements indicated that these materials revealed high (close to 80 and 100% for Cr:ZnS and Cr:ZnSe, respectively) luminescence quantum yield at room

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Overview of transparent optical ceramics for high-energy lasers at NRL

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

Laser Floating Zone: General Overview Focusing on the Oxyorthosilicates Growth

Laser Floating Zone: General Overview Focusing on the Oxyorthosilicates Growth

A new methodology to obtain the fracture toughness of YAG transparent ceramics

Hot-pressed chromium doped zinc sulfide infrared transparent ceramics

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