Overview of Veterinary Toxicology

Roder, Joseph D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-7240-5.50004-x

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…A known history of ingestion followed by clinical signs attributable to ivermectin overdose in this case was sufficient to make the diagnosis of ivermectin toxicosis. Further confirmation by way of analysis of serum ivermectin levels or a trial response to physostigmine or neostigmine could have been performed, but was deemed unnecessary given the historical overdose and the correlating clinical signs 7,12,13 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical signs of toxicity in all species studied mostly involved neurologic dysfunction and some gastrointestinal disturbances. Lethargy, depression, ataxia, anorexia, mydriasis, and visual impairment are the classically attributed signs 1,3,7 . Ivermectin use in young animals (foals less than 4 months and puppies less than 6 weeks of age) is not recommended because of lack of available safety data 1,2,8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suspected ivermectin toxicosis in a miniature mule foal causing blindness

Plummer

Källberg

Ollivier

et al. 2006

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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A 9-week-old miniature mule foal presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for acute blindness, ataxia, and depression following an overdose of an over-the-counter ivermectin-based de-worming medication. Ophthalmic examination and electrodiagnostic evaluation eliminated outer retinal abnormalities as the primary cause of the bilateral blindness, implicating instead a central neurologic effect of the drug. With symptomatic and supportive care, the foal recovered fully and regained its vision.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspected ivermectin toxicosis in a miniature mule foal causing blindness

Plummer

Källberg

Ollivier

et al. 2006

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…6 As with other anticoagulant rodenticides, ingestion of smaller doses of chlorophacinone over several days is more toxic than an acute (single) ingestion of an equivalent dose. 15 Coumarins, indandiones, and other anticoagulants cause variable clinical signs in most animal species, which are dependent on the location and extent of hemorrhage. Clinical signs can include one or more of the following: hematuria, epistaxis, hematoma formation, melena, weakness, pale mucous membranes, muffled heart or lung sounds, and dyspnea.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorophacinone Exposure Causing an Epizootic of Acute Fatal Hemorrhage in Lambs

Piero

Poppenga²

2006

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. This report describes an epizootic of chlorophacinone toxicosis in lambs with severe acute hemorrhages. Eleven lambs, approximately 1-2 months of age, suddenly developed epistaxis, respiratory distress, and facial and cervical swelling. Affected animals died within 1-2 hours from the onset of clinical signs. Two lambs were available for complete postmortem examination. Gross lesions included mucosal and organ pallor, icterus, melena, and lung edema, as well as thymic, cervical muscle, and intra-articular hemorrhage. Histologically hepatocellular centrolobular necrosis was observed. The anticoagulant chlorophacinone was detected in the livers at 0.58 ppm and 0.50 ppm (wet weight), respectively. The source of exposure to chlorophacinone was old bait material placed between the wall studs of the building housing the ewes and lambs. The lambs were able to reach the bait through a hole in the plywood interior wall of the building.

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“…Some known p‐glycoprotein substrates and inhibitors include spinosad, cyclosporine, dexamethasone, and doxycycline . Young and old animals are more sensitive to the effects of the avermectins and other drugs due decreased blood–brain barrier (BBB) function . The absence or modifications of tight junctions and low p‐glycoprotein expression may contribute to altered BBB function in these age groups .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroretinographic changes after intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in a dog and a foal with ivermectin toxicosis

Pollio¹,

Michau

Weaver³

et al. 2016

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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This case report describes ivermectin-induced blindness in a dog and a foal with normal ophthalmic fundic examinations and attenuated electroretinography (ERG). Subsequent recovery in ERG was noted following intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy. A dog and a foal were evaluated for ivermectin-induced blindness. Clinical signs included dull mentation, absent pupillary light reflexes (PLRs), and absent menace on presentation. The animals had normal fundoscopic examinations; however, in both cases ERG was consistent with neurosensory retinal dysfunction. Following ILE therapy for ivermectin toxicosis, return of menace, PLRs, and normal mentation were noted, as was improvement in ERG and serum ivermectin levels. These are the first documented cases of ivermectin-induced blindness in a dog and a foal with normal fundic examinations and attenuated ERG. ERG improved in both animals after ILE therapy. ERG may assist in the diagnosis of ivermectin toxicosis in dogs and horses. ILE therapy may hasten recovery in treatment of ivermectin-induced blindness.

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Overview of Veterinary Toxicology

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Suspected ivermectin toxicosis in a miniature mule foal causing blindness

Suspected ivermectin toxicosis in a miniature mule foal causing blindness

Chlorophacinone Exposure Causing an Epizootic of Acute Fatal Hemorrhage in Lambs

Electroretinographic changes after intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in a dog and a foal with ivermectin toxicosis

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