Overview on Additive Manufacturing Technologies

Calignano, Flaviana; Manfredi, Diego; Ambrosio, Elisa Paola; Biamino, Sara; Lombardi, Mariangela; Atzeni, Eleonora; Salmi, Alessandro; Minetola, Paolo; Iuliano, Luca; Fino, Paolo

doi:10.1109/jproc.2016.2625098

Cited by 477 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Material jetting was the method of fabricating the resin pattern for this study. Material jetting constructs 3D objects by layering droplets of material, which are in turn cured with a UV light . There is little information regarding the comparative accuracy of these methods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Accuracy of Casting and Additive Manufacturing Techniques for Fabrication of a Complete Palatal Coverage Metal Framework

Forrester

Sheridan

Phoenix

2019

Journal of Prosthodontics

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Purpose To provide information regarding the accuracy of additive manufacturing in comparison to conventional casting, specifically for fabrication of complete palatal coverage metal frameworks. Materials and Methods Three additive manufacturing techniques were tested: selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM), and computer‐aided design/cast (CADcast), with conventional casting as the control. Both the SLM and EBM groups were tested pre‐ and post‐finishing, for a total of six test groups (n = 10/group). A digital master design was used as the standard to which all frameworks were digitally compared by best‐fit analysis, which generated root mean square values using proprietary software. A one‐way ANOVA was conducted to test for statistical differences among materials, followed by a post‐hoc multiple comparison test (Tukey's test HSD). Surface roughness for one framework arbitrarily selected from each group was analyzed using a profilometer. Results There was a significant difference in accuracy among the materials (F = 99.79, p < 0.0001). A post‐hoc Tukey test indicated that CADcast differed significantly from the other five materials (i.e., most accurate, p < 0.01). EBM prefinished and EBM finished were both significantly different from the other materials (i.e., least accurate). Color mapping images help visualize the differences between each framework compared to the master design. The surface roughness values ranged from 22 to 63.5 µm, with CADcast being the smoothest, and EBM prefinished the roughest. Conclusions CADcast and SLM techniques were as or more accurate than the conventional technique for producing an uncomplicated framework design. Further investigation is recommended regarding the surface roughness of additive manufacturing products and potential biological complications.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Accuracy of Casting and Additive Manufacturing Techniques for Fabrication of a Complete Palatal Coverage Metal Framework

Forrester

Sheridan

Phoenix

2019

Journal of Prosthodontics

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“…MLE is poised to exploit additive 18 and subtractive manufacturing of free-form structures and complex geometries 19 , printing intricate multi-part components from multiple materials in-situ. Behavioural diversity can be embedded during the manufacturing process through functional gradation 20,21 to vary material properties (e.g., stiffness, elasticity).…”

Section: Enabling Technologies: Advanced Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving embodied intelligence from materials to machines

et al. 2019

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Natural lifeforms specialise to their environmental niches across many levels; from low-level features such as DNA and proteins, through to higher-level artefacts including eyes, limbs, and overarching body plans. We propose Multi-Level Evolution (MLE), a bottom-up automatic process that designs robots across multiple levels and niches them to tasks and environmental conditions. MLE concurrently explores constituent molecular and material 'building blocks', as well as their possible assemblies into specialised morphological and sensorimotor configurations. MLE provides a route to fully harness a recent explosion in available candidate materials and ongoing advances in rapid manufacturing processes. We outline a feasible MLE architecture that realises this vision, highlight the main roadblocks and how they may be overcome, and show robotic applications to which MLE is particularly suited. By forming a research agenda to stimulate discussion between researchers in related fields, we hope to inspire the pursuit of multi-level robotic design all the way from material to machine.

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“…10 Two AM techniques are especially suitable for the fabrication of microwave cavities: Stereolithography (SLA) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Recently, complex waveguide-based microwave components made by SLA of polymers followed by metal coating were reported, 11 and first simple microwave resonator structures made by SLM of aluminum were demonstrated.…”

Section: à13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of additive manufactured microwave cavities for pulsed optically pumped atomic clock applications

Affolderbach

Moreno

Иванов

et al. 2018

Applied Physics Letters

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Additive manufacturing (AM) of passive microwave components is of high interest for the costeffective and rapid prototyping or manufacture of devices with complex geometries. Here, we present an experimental study on the properties of recently demonstrated microwave resonator cavities manufactured by AM, in view of their applications to high-performance compact atomic clocks. The microwave cavities employ a loop-gap geometry using six electrodes. The critical electrode structures were manufactured monolithically using two different approaches: Stereolithography (SLA) of a polymer followed by metal coating and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of aluminum. The tested microwave cavities show the desired TE 011 -like resonant mode at the Rb clock frequency of %6.835 GHz, with a microwave magnetic field highly parallel to the quantization axis across the vapor cell. When operated in an atomic clock setup, the measured atomic Rabi oscillations are comparable to those observed for conventionally manufactured cavities and indicate a good uniformity of the field amplitude across the vapor cell. Employing a time-domain Ramsey scheme on one of the SLA cavities, high-contrast (34%) Ramsey fringes are observed for the Rb clock transition, along with a narrow (166 Hz linewidth) central fringe. The measured clock stability of 2.2 Â 10 À13 s À1/2 up to the integration time of 30 s is comparable to the current state-of-the-art stabilities of compact vapor-cell clocks based on conventional microwave cavities and thus demonstrates the feasibil-ity of the approach.Compact microwave atomic clocks 1 based on alkali vapor cells 2,3 are widely employed as stable frequency references in numerous applications, ranging from telecommunication networks 4 to onboard clocks in satellite navigation systems. 5,6 In such atomic clocks, the frequency of a quartz local oscillator is stabilized to an inherently stable microwave transition in an alkali atom vapor held in a vapor cell. This greatly suppresses the quartz's fractional frequency instabilities to the 10 À12 to <10 À14 range (timing accuracies of 0.1 ls to <1 ns, respectively) over timescales up to one day. During the last decade, thanks to the employment of laser optical pumping, important advances were made in vapor-cell Rb atomic clocks based on the double-resonance (DR) scheme, using both the continuouswave (CW) 7 and the pulsed optical pumping (POP) interrogation (Ramsey scheme), 8,9 where the pulsed Ramsey scheme is of particular interest for highly compact and high-performance Rb cell clocks. In all types of DR atomic clocks, the microwave resonator cavity is a critical component for applying the microwave field to the atoms in a well-controlled geometry. In view of practical applications, this microwave cavity should be small and light-weight and feature simple and fast assembly. In DR atomic clocks, such cavities are generally manufactured by conventional subtractive precision machining of metals, often followed by time-consuming assembly steps requiring precise positioning or ali...

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Overview on Additive Manufacturing Technologies

Cited by 477 publications

References 133 publications

Assessing the Accuracy of Casting and Additive Manufacturing Techniques for Fabrication of a Complete Palatal Coverage Metal Framework

Assessing the Accuracy of Casting and Additive Manufacturing Techniques for Fabrication of a Complete Palatal Coverage Metal Framework

Evolving embodied intelligence from materials to machines

Study of additive manufactured microwave cavities for pulsed optically pumped atomic clock applications

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