Overweight and Obesity among Recipients of Antiretroviral Therapy at HIV Clinics in Gaborone, Botswana: Factors Associated with Change in Body Mass Index

Tshikuka, Jose Gaby; Magafu, Mgaywa Gilbert Mjungu Damas; Rankgoane-Pono, Goabaone; Mwita, Julius Chacha; Masupe, Tiny; Hamda, Shimeles Genna; Tapera, Roy; Molefi, Mooketsi; Tshibangu, Joseph; Tlhakanelo, John Thato

doi:10.1155/2020/8016791

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The current study found a high (39%) prevalence of overall overweight/obesity, and the prevalence was higher in women than in men. The association observed between gender and overweight/obesity has been previously documented [39][40][41]. The study established that age was also a factor associated with overweight.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…The difference could be attributed to the difference in the duration of ART; the Limpopo study selected participants who had been on ART for a longer duration (range: 1-121 months), whereas the current study was conducted among patients recently initiated on ART. This further explains the slightly higher prevalence of overweight (29%) and obesity (17%) reported in a 12-year retrospective study of HIV patients on ART in Botswana [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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The Nutritional Status of Adult Antiretroviral Therapy Recipients with a Recent HIV Diagnosis; A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Health Facilities in Gauteng, South Africa

2020

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The study determined the nutritional status of adult antiretroviral therapy (ART) recipients, and investigated the association between the duration on ART and the nutritional status. This study was based in primary health facilities in Gauteng, South Africa. The data collected included sociodemographic variables; the duration of the treatment; and the body mass index (BMI), classified as undernutrition (<18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), or overweight/obesity (≥25 kg/m2). ART recipients (n = 480) had a mean age of 35 (± 8.4SD) years. All had taken ART for six months or more (range 6–48 months). The data were analyzed using STATA 13.0. The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 39%, it was higher in females (46%) than in males (30%), 26% were overweight, and 13% were obese. Underweight was 13%, and was higher in males (18%) than females (9%). Being overweight was more likely in those aged ≥35 years and those in smaller households. Being obese was less likely in males, in the employed, and in those with a higher income, but was more likely in those with a longer duration on ART. Abdominal obesity was high, but less likely in males. Interventions to prevent overweight/obesity should be integrated into routine HIV care, while at the same time addressing the burden of undernutrition among ART recipients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Nutritional Status of Adult Antiretroviral Therapy Recipients with a Recent HIV Diagnosis; A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Health Facilities in Gauteng, South Africa

2020

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“…There is a large variation in obesity prevalence in HIV infected population, with as high as 16.6% in Botswana to 17.5% in United States have been seen. 40 , 41 Studies from SSA, France and Brazil show prevalence of 2% to 13.1%. 13 , 15 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 42–44 The studies were done in different countries on different population groups with different prevalence of obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among HIV Infected Patients on Anti-Retroviral Treatment in a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia

Woldeyes¹,

Fisseha²,

Mulatu³

et al. 2022

HIV

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Background Anti-retroviral treatment has improved mortality of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients, which is offset by an increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Data regarding prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV infected patients in Ethiopia are very scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CVD risks and associated factors in patients with HIV. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 333 patients with HIV infection, using a modified World Health Organization’s stepwise approach to surveillance questionnaire. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurement was done along with biochemical studies. Cardiovascular risk was estimated using Framingham risk score. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between cardiovascular risks and associated factors, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results The mean age of the participants was 45 years, and 69.2% were females. Most (80.9%) of the participants had viral load below 50 copies/mL and the mean CD4 count was 579 cells/mm 3 . Dyslipidemia was the most common risk factor identified in 69.4%, followed by abnormal fasting blood glucose (≥100 mg/dL) in 36.8%. Hypertension was diagnosed in 23.8%, while 22.8% and 11.1% had metabolic syndrome and obesity, respectively. Framingham risk score was low in 95.9%. Male gender, increasing age, high body mass index and previous ART regimen being tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine and nevirapine increased CVD risk factors. Conclusion Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were high in the population studied. There is a need to raise awareness about the risk factors, and patients should have timely follow-up and care.

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“…However, factors specific to HIV infection and treatment regimens have also been implicated in influencing the vulnerability of people living with HIV to increased obesity [ 43 ]. Despite the growing number of studies reporting obesity in women with HIV in the general population [ 3 , 5 , 44 , 45 ], there are limited data on GWG trends in this group. One South African study reported that women with HIV experience greater inadequate GWG [ 39 ], however, we found high prevalence of excessive GWG in our cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between food intake and obesity in pregnant women living with and without HIV in Cape Town, South Africa: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2021

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Background Although global nutrition/dietary transition resulting from industrialisation and urbanisation has been identified as a major contributor to widespread trends of obesity, there is limited data in pregnant women, including those living with HIV in South Africa. We examined food-based dietary intake in pregnant women with and without HIV at first antenatal care (ANC) visit, and associations with maternal overweight/obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG). Methods In an urban South African community, consecutive women living with (n = 479) and without (n = 510) HIV were enrolled and prospectively followed to delivery. Interviewer-administered non-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake (starch, protein, dairy, fruits, vegetables, legumes, oils/fats) at enrolment. Associations with maternal body mass index (BMI) and GWG were examined using logistic regression models. Results Among women (median age 29 years, IQR 25–34), the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) at first ANC was 43% and that of excessive GWG (per IOM guidelines) was 37% overall; HIV prevalence was 48%. In women without HIV, consumption of potato (any preparation) (aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.02–3.84) and pumpkin/butternut (aOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.29–3.49) for 1–3 days a week increased the odds of overweight/obesity compared to not consuming any; milk in tea/coffee (aOR 6.04, 95% CI 1.37–26.50) increased the odds of excessive GWG. Consumption of eggs (any) (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32–0.86) for 1–3 days a week reduced the odds of overweight/obesity while peanut and nuts consumption for 4–7 days a week reduced the odds (aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14–0.80) of excessive GWG. In women with HIV, consumption of milk/yoghurt/maas to drink/on cereals (aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18–0.68), tomato (raw/cooked) (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30–0.84), green beans (aOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.20–0.86), mixed vegetables (aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.29–0.84) and legumes e.g. baked beans, lentils (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28–0.86) for 4–7 days a week reduced the odds of overweight/obesity; tomato (raw/cooked) (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.96) and mixed vegetables (aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.78) also reduced the odds of excessive GWG. Conclusions Diet modification may promote healthy weight in pregnant women living with and without HIV.

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Overweight and Obesity among Recipients of Antiretroviral Therapy at HIV Clinics in Gaborone, Botswana: Factors Associated with Change in Body Mass Index

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

The Nutritional Status of Adult Antiretroviral Therapy Recipients with a Recent HIV Diagnosis; A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Health Facilities in Gauteng, South Africa

The Nutritional Status of Adult Antiretroviral Therapy Recipients with a Recent HIV Diagnosis; A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Health Facilities in Gauteng, South Africa

Prevalence of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among HIV Infected Patients on Anti-Retroviral Treatment in a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia

Association between food intake and obesity in pregnant women living with and without HIV in Cape Town, South Africa: a prospective cohort study

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