Overweight and obesity in Mexican children and adolescents during the last 25 years

Abstract

Background/Objective:The objective of the study was to provide current estimates of the prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity (OW+OB) in Mexican children and adolescents.Subjects/Methods:Body mass index objectively measured was analyzed for 37 147 children and adolescents aged 0–19 years obtained in 2012 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT-2012), a nationally representative sample of the Mexican population. In addition, data from previous National Nutrition Surveys obtained in 1988, 1999 and 2006 were compared with analyze trends over a 24-year period (1988–2012) for children <5 years of age and adolescents and over a 13-year period (1999–2012) for school-age children. World Health Organization Child Growth Standard was used to define OW+OB.Results:In 2012, 33.5% of children <5 years of age (both sexes) were at risk of overweight or were overweight (OW); 32% and 36.9% of girls and boys 5–11 years of age were OW+OB, respectively, and 35.8% and 34.1% of female and male adolescents were OW+OB, respectively. Statistically significant trends were documented for all age groups during the study period. Overall change in the combined prevalence in preschool children was 6.3±1.0 percentage points (pp; P<0.001; 0.26 pp per year) in the last 24 years, showing the highest increase between 1988 and 1999, whereas for school-age girls (from 1999 to 2012) and adolescent females (from 1988 to 2012), OW+OB increased across all periods at a declining trend, with an overall change of 0.5 and 1.0 pp per year, respectively. Changes in the prevalence of OW+OB were highest among children and adolescents in the lowest quintile of the household living condition index.Conclusions:Prevalence of OW+OB among children and adolescents increased significantly during the last 13–24 years. The rate of increase has declined in the last 6 years in all age groups. Changes in prevalence of OW+OB presented here suggest that, in Mexico, the burden of obesity is shifting toward the groups with lower socioeconomic level.

Factores de riesgo asociados con sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes mexicanas

“…Las altas prevalencias de SP+O en el Sur y en el nivel alto de ICB son consistentes con las tendencias presentadas en las Ensanut anteriores. 3,35 Esto coincide con que la mayor proporción de adolescentes que cohabitan en pareja (52%; IC95%:32.3-71.2) radican en la región Sur (vs. Norte: 13.7%; IC95%:7.1-25, Centro: 29.7%; IC95%:15.8-48.9 y CDMX: 4.3%; IC95%:1.5-11.6; p=0.0224), lo que podría dar una explicación a estos resultados. Por otro lado, al analizar el consumo de patrones dietarios por categorías de ICB, se encontró que a mayor nivel se da un mayor consumo del patrón menos saludable (bajo: 43%; IC95%:33.4-53.2; medio: 63.7%; IC95%:55.7-71.1 y alto; 84.5%; IC95%:76.6-90.0; p<0.0001), lo que puede deberse a que se tiene mayor acceso a alimentos discrecionales.…”

“…los hombres adolescentes, en quienes la prevalencia de SP+O ha sido menor que en las mujeres (29.3% en 2006, 34.1% en 2012 y 33.5% en 2016) y no se han identificado diferencias significativas entre las diferentes encuestas. 3,4 Un análisis sobre la tendencia de SP+O en escolares y adolescentes mexicanos de 1988 a 2012 señala que la tasa de aumento en las prevalencias ha sido más alta en las localidades rurales. 3 De 2012 a 2016 el aumento fue de 9.5 puntos porcentuales, mientras que no hubo diferencia significativa en las localidades urbanas.…”

“…3,4 Un análisis sobre la tendencia de SP+O en escolares y adolescentes mexicanos de 1988 a 2012 señala que la tasa de aumento en las prevalencias ha sido más alta en las localidades rurales. 3 De 2012 a 2016 el aumento fue de 9.5 puntos porcentuales, mientras que no hubo diferencia significativa en las localidades urbanas. 4 Lo anterior cobra relevancia por el impacto del SP+O en la aparición de enfermedades crónicas en la vida adulta, lo que resulta en menor calidad de vida, pérdida de años productivos y aumento en los gastos en salud a nivel hogar y del sector salud.…”

Evolución de los Programas de Ayuda Alimentaria en México a través de información de Ensanut MC 2016

“…En este sentido, habría que reconsiderar los criterios de inclusión del programa de desayunos escolares y vincularlos con criterios nutricionales dadas las altas prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares en nuestro país. 16 Al respecto, tanto la información de la Ensanut MC 2016 17 como la información del Registro Nacional de Peso y Talla, 18 refieren una prevalencia nacional de sobrepeso y obesidad de alrededor de 32.0%.…”

Association between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and overweight/obesity in Mexican pediatric population

“…Up to the past decade, developing countries such as Mexico, China and Thailand have had the most dramatic increase in obesity (5). Recently, it was published that Mexico has the second prevalence of obesity in the adult population with 22 million obese (30%) in addition to the 26 million adults with overweight, while ranking fourth in children (6), with an overall overweight (Ow) or obesity (Ob) prevalence of 28.8% in children <19 years of age as for the most recent results from the Mexican health and nutritional survey (ENSANUT, 2012) (7,8). In the last 24 years, the highest prevalence was observed among children and adolescents living in urban areas and those from the highest socioeconomic level, while the rate of increase was higher in the lowest socioeconomic status (8).…”