Overweight and Obesity: Prevalence, Consequences, and Causes of a Growing Public Health Problem

Williams, Ellen P.; Mesidor, Marie; Winters, Karen; Dubbert, Patricia M.; Wyatt, Sharon B.

doi:10.1007/s13679-015-0169-4

Cited by 718 publications

(524 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Obesity is a serious medical condition and a public health problem worldwide [1,2], considered as one of the main risk factors for diabetes mellitus [3] and cardiovascular diseases [4,5]. If the actual trends continue, by 2025, global obesity prevalence will reach 18% in men and surpass 21% in women [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Overweight on Flexibility and Functional Capacity

Bittencourt¹,

Vieira²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2017

J Nov Physiother

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Obesity is a health problem worldwide, with a significant impact on the mortality of individuals. However, considering the importance of preventive management, few studies have addressed the predictors of functional impairment in overweight subjects. The present study aimed to verify the differences in functional variables in overweight volunteers compared to eutrophic subjects, to determine the independent predictors of functional capacity in overweight subjects and to provide a model that can predict exercise capacity in this population. Seventy-four physically active participants (both sexes, aged 18 to 60 years) were evaluated and stratified into two groups: eutrophic (n=45, 33 ± 11 years, 76% females) and overweight (n=29, 37 ± 12 years, 41% females), according to body mass index (BMI). All volunteers were submitted to clinical, anthropometric, flexibility, muscle strength and endurance evaluation and maximal exercise testing. Differences between groups were verified by Independent T test or Mann-Whitney. Uni and multivariate linear regressions were performed to verify the independent predictors of functional capacity in the overweight group. The overweight individuals were predominantly male (58.6%), with iliopsoas (p=0.009), pectoral (p<0.001) and piriformis (p=0.003) shortening, and with lower values of peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ) (p=0.012). In the final multivariate model, BMI and body fat percentage were the only independent predictors of functional capacity in overweight volunteers and VO 2peak can be predicted by the model VO 2peak =85.161 -(0.747 × BMI) -(0.925 × body fat percentage). Overweight individuals already show musculoskeletal and functional changes when compared to eutrophic ones. Preventive strategies should be adopted in this population, aiming to prevent musculoskeletal and functional dysfunctions that may compromise the functional capacity of these individuals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Overweight on Flexibility and Functional Capacity

Bittencourt¹,

Vieira²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2017

J Nov Physiother

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show abstract

“…In this way, the practice of Street Workout could generate beneficial factors in protecting against cardiovascular diseases, obesity and mortality, due to the body composition indexes, as well as the high muscle mass and low fat mass observed (18). Thus, Street Workout could help to decrease the upward trend in body fat and blood pressure in young students (19), as well as the overweight and obesity tendency in the population (20). Possible limitations of the current study were the small sample size due to limited voluntary participation The generalizability of our findings is also unknown because the limited number of subjects.…”

Section: Body Composition Indexes Of Street Workout Practitionersmentioning

confidence: 88%

Morphological characteristics of Street Workout practitioners

Sanchez-Martinez

Plaza²,

Araneda

et al. 2017

Nutr Hosp

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Introduction: The determination of the morphological characteristics of the most popular sports has allowed the evaluation and comparison between athletes, which has helped to improve their performance. The Street Workout is an emerging sport based on calisthenics, which recently has become popular. Despite its popularization, neither the morphologic profi le nor the morphologic characteristics of Street Workout athletes has been determined. Objective: Determine the profi le and morphological characteristics of Street-Workout athletes, through anthropometry. Material and methods: Fourteen athletes (22.7 ± 3.26 years) were recruited from the National Calisthenics Tournament 2015 in Chile. The athletes were evaluated following the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry to determine the somatotype, body composition, as well as indices of body composition such as body mass index, waist to hip ratio, waist to height ratio, fat/muscle mass and muscle/bone mass indexes. Results: Street Workout practitioners presented a balanced-mesomorphic somatotype, a low fat mass and a high muscular development, with upper arms and trunk predominance. Regarding body composition indices, the values obtained allow us to classify them as a low-risk population of chronic non-communicable diseases. Conclusion: The present study sets a fi rst antecedent of the morphological characteristics of Street Workout, determining that the Street Workout athletes presented balanced-mesomorphic somatotype and were classifi ed as a healthy and athletic sample by their body composition indexes.

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“…In fasting and weight loss process after a long time diet, leptin level drops to regulate energy intake and expenditure and energy homeostasis (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Leptin Receptor Gene Gln223Arg and lys109Arg Polymorphisms with Obesity and Overweight in an Iranian Young Population

2017

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Background: Obesity is an energy imbalance disorder that happens due to deficiency of energy intake and consumption. Leptin is an important hormone that regulates energy expenditure. Leptin through its receptors located in the hypothalamus regulates appetite and energy consumption. Objectives: In this study we tried to determine the association of leptin receptor (LEPR) gene polymorphisms (rs1137101), Lys223Arg and Gln109Arg (rs1137100), with overweight and obesity. Methods: We examined the two polymorphisms in 240 subjects consisting of obese, overweight, low-weight, and normal weight (as control) subjects among students of Zanjan Islamic Azad University. For Genotyping, we used PCR-RFLP. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test and chi-square test to show any significant difference between the groups. Results: There was no significant difference in allelic and genotypic frequency of Gln109Arg polymorphism (by A > G substitution) between our study groups. In Lys223Arg polymorphism by A > G substitution, the frequency of AG genotype was higher in the normal group, and the frequency of AA genotype was higher in the obese and overweight groups; but, there was no significant difference in GG genotype and allelic frequency (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In our population, Lys223Arg polymorphism of LEPR gene was associated with obesity; Gln 223 of leptin receptor gene was located in the extra cellular part of receptor and substitution of Glu by Arg in this position might affect leptin signaling. Lys/Arg heterozygote might have protective effects.

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Overweight and Obesity: Prevalence, Consequences, and Causes of a Growing Public Health Problem

Cited by 718 publications

References 74 publications

The Impact of Overweight on Flexibility and Functional Capacity

The Impact of Overweight on Flexibility and Functional Capacity

Morphological characteristics of Street Workout practitioners

Association of Leptin Receptor Gene Gln223Arg and lys109Arg Polymorphisms with Obesity and Overweight in an Iranian Young Population

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