Overweight/obesity and cancer genesis: More than a biological link

Irigaray, Philippe; Newby, J.A.; Lacomme, Stéphanie; Belpomme, D.

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2007.10.008

Cited by 84 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Due to the epidemic of obesity in Western society, a substantial proportion of oncology patients at the start of palliative therapy now have a body mass index (BMI) in the overweight range (9), and this can confound conventional measures used for risk stratification. Indeed recent studies have reported that obesity (i.e., BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ) in the presence of sarcopenia is predictive of morbidity and mortality in both malignant and nonmalignant disease (10,11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia in an Overweight or Obese Patient Is an Adverse Prognostic Factor in Pancreatic Cancer

Tan

Birdsell

Martin

et al. 2009

Clinical Cancer Research

601

448

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Purpose: The average weight-losing pancreatic cancer patient undergoing palliative therapy is frequently overweight rather than underweight, and this can confound conventional measures used for risk stratification. The aim of this study was to evaluate if weight and body composition, specifically sarcopenia, assessed from diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scans, is of prognostic value in patients with pancreatic cancer. The nature and extent of tissue loss over subsequent months was also evaluated. Experimental Design: A total of 111 patients entering a palliative therapy program, who had CT images and had undergone nutritional screening, were studied. In patients for whom follow-up scans were available (n = 44), longitudinal changes in body composition were studied at a mean of 230 ± 62 and 95 ± 60 days prior to demise. Results: Sixty-two patients (55.9%) were sarcopenic, 44 (39.6%) were overweight/ obese, and 18 (16.2%) were both. Age ≥59 years (hazard ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.66; P = 0.018), and overweight/obese sarcopenia (hazard ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-3.50; P = 0.006) were identified as independent predictors of survival on multivariate analysis. Longitudinal analysis revealed that total fat-free mass index decreased from 15.5 ± 2.5 kg/m 2 to 14.5 ± 2.0 kg/m 2 (P = 0.002), and total fat mass index decreased from 7.5 ± 2.0kg/m 2 to 6.0 ± 1.5kg/m 2 (P < 0.0001) over 135 days. Conclusions: Sarcopenia in overweight/obese patients with advanced pancreatic cancer is an occult condition but can be identified using CT scans. This condition is an independent adverse prognostic indicator that should be considered for stratification of patients' entering clinical trials, systemic therapy, or support care programs. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(22):6973-9) Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in Western countries (1). At the time of diagnosis, tumor resection with curative intent is only possible in 10% to 15% of subjects (2, 3), leaving a large population with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Overall, the 5-year survival rate is only about 4% (4).One of the most distressing features of pancreatic cancer is marked and progressive weight loss. Cachexia occurs in up to 80% of deaths in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (5). Cachexia has been shown to worsen prognosis and has also been associated with impairment of physical function, increased psychological distress, and low quality of life (6, 7). Patients with pancreatic cancer often report a decreased dietary intake and many symptoms such as anorexia, early satiety, anxiety, depression, pain, and nausea (8).Due to the epidemic of obesity in Western society, a substantial proportion of oncology patients at the start of palliative therapy now have a body mass index (BMI) in the overweight range (9), and this can confound conventional measures used for risk stratification. Indeed recent studies have reported that obesity (i.e., BMI ≥30 kg/m 2

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia in an Overweight or Obese Patient Is an Adverse Prognostic Factor in Pancreatic Cancer

Tan

Birdsell

Martin

et al. 2009

Clinical Cancer Research

601

448

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Adipose tissue is an optimum site for such toxins in the body, especially the fat soluble ones. High level of adipose tissue as in obese patients implies storing more of carcinogens, releasing them in large quantities to reach the damaged tissue and prolonging the process of carcinogenesis, thus leading to a malignant tumor [62]. Toxins and chemical carcinogens are also spread in the atmosphere and surrounding humans such as chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) used in generators and conductors of electric power.…”

Section: Role Of Adipose Tissues In Cancer Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Cancer: What’s the Interconnection?

Faris¹

2015

AOWMC

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Obesity is one of the most prevalent nutritional diseases, associated with chronic morbidity and mortality. Persuasive evidence indicates a striking association between obesity and incidence of common neoplasms, such as those of the esophagus, endometrium, kidney and breast in post menopause women, prostate in men, in addition to colon, rectum and bladder. Such an association has been supported by clinical and laboratory experiments on humans and animals, respectively. The findings have revealed that obesity and increased body fatness, in general and visceral adiposity, in particular, increase the vulnerability to develop different cancers. Although the impact of obesity in cancer progression differs according to the type of cancer, all the obesity-related cancers are centered around body adiposity. This review highlights the different hormonal, biochemical and molecular changes that might be involved in obesity-related cancers. Increased serum insulin, insulin-like growth factor, steroids "sex hormones" and the disturbances in adiponectin and leptin hormones are included. Biochemical and metabolic changes that mediate obesity-related carcinogenesis involving elevated oxidative stress and inflammation levels in the body and the concomitant increment in circulatory proinflammatory cytokines are discussed.

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“…Among these substances, organochlorinated pesticides are of major health concern, because they can persist in the environment, concentrate in the food chain and accumulate in the adipose tissue from which they can be released into blood circulation and target peripheral tissues during carcinogenesis (35). Many, but not all epidemiological studies, have shown that chronic exposure to some pesticides or to some pesticide cocktails is associated with a significant increase in prostate cancer risk (36,37).…”

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confidence: 99%

Prostate cancer as an environmental disease: An ecological study in the French Caribbean islands, Martinique and Guadeloupe

Belpomme¹

2009

Int J Oncol

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Abstract. Using a transdisciplinary methodological approach we have conducted a multifactorial analysis in Martinique and Guadeloupe in order to elucidate the aetiology of prostate cancer. In 2002, world age standardized rates of prostate cancer were 152 new cases per 100,000 person-years in the two islands; one of the highest worldwide rates and much higher than those reported for other Caribbean islands and metropolitan France. Using a linear regression analysis, we found that the growth curves of incidence rates for Martinique and metropolitan France have been significantly diverging since 1983. That these curves are not parallel suggests that although a Caribbean genetic susceptibility factor may be involved in carcinogenesis, this factor cannot per se account for the observed growing incidence. On the basis of mapping analysis of soil pollution, we further showed that water contamination by pesticides originates from banana plantations. Moreover, we have established retrospectively that general population subjects investigated in 1972 in Martinique for the presence of organochlorinated pesticides in their adipose tissue had been contaminated by extremely high levels of DDT, DDE, ·, ß and ÁHCH, aldrin and dieldrin. Our study leads to the conclusion that the growing incidence of prostate cancer cannot be related either to a modification of ethnographic factors nor to a change in lifestyle and therefore suggests that environmental factors such as the intensive and prolonged exposure to carcinogenic, mutagenic and reproductive toxin pesticides may cause prostate cancer.

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Overweight/obesity and cancer genesis: More than a biological link

Cited by 84 publications

References 135 publications

Sarcopenia in an Overweight or Obese Patient Is an Adverse Prognostic Factor in Pancreatic Cancer

Sarcopenia in an Overweight or Obese Patient Is an Adverse Prognostic Factor in Pancreatic Cancer

Obesity and Cancer: What’s the Interconnection?

Prostate cancer as an environmental disease: An ecological study in the French Caribbean islands, Martinique and Guadeloupe

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