Ovine anti-rabies antibody production and evaluation

Redwan, Elrashdy M.; Fahmy, Ali; Hanafy, Amr El; El-Baky, Nawal Abd; Sallam, S. M. A.

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2007.11.004

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Following this, the plates were incubated for 1 h at room temperature. Finally, para-Nitrophenyl phosphate (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck Millipore) was added for color development and absorbance was recorded immediately at a wavelength of 405 nm (44,45) using an ELISA microtiter plate reader (MicroPlate Reader; Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Hercules, CA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of camel milk on the hepatitis C virus burden of infected patients

El‐Fakharany

El-Baky

Linjawi

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a world health problem and no protective vaccine or effective drug currently exists. For economic reasons, many patients use traditional medicines to control the infection. In Egypt, camel milk is one of the traditional medicines widely consumed by patients infected with HCV. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of camel milk in the treatment of patients infected with HCV. Whole camel milk from a local farm was administered to patients for 4 months (250 ml/day/patient). Patient sera were collected prior to and following camel milk drinking, and three markers were set-up for sera-evaluation. The three markers indicating the effect of camel milk on HCV infection were: Liver function assays [alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)]; a viral load assay; and anti-HCV antibodies profile and isotyping against synthetic HCV epitopes. Camel milk demonstrated the ability to improve general fatigue, health and liver function (ALT and AST levels); ALT was reduced in ~88% of patients and AST was reduced in all patients subsequent to drinking camel milk for four months. The majority of patients responded positively to camel milk treatment; RNA viral load decreased in 13 out of the 17 patients (76.47%) and one patient exhibited undetected viremia following camel milk treatment. The anti-HCV antibodies profile and isotyping were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 following treatment in 70–76% of patients. However, the treatment was ineffective in 23.53% of patients who experienced no reduction in RNA viral load following treatment with camel milk. In conclusion, whole camel milk treatment demonstrated efficacy in vivo; the viral load in the majority of patient sera was reduced and the IgG isotype profile was converted to Th1 immunity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of camel milk on the hepatitis C virus burden of infected patients

El‐Fakharany

El-Baky

Linjawi

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…Camilidae antibodies (IgG) are also less immunogenic than most mammalian antibodies [9], which reduces the risk of adverse effects. This should lead to improving current camel antibody purification and production methods, as the main feature of an immunotherapeutic agent like antibodies is immunogenicity, which should be low as possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This should lead to improving current camel antibody purification and production methods, as the main feature of an immunotherapeutic agent like antibodies is immunogenicity, which should be low as possible. Consequently, camel immunoglobulins should be purified by a method that will be efficient, simple, inexpensive, and can be applied on a large scale with high yield in laboratories and industry [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy-chain antibodies in camels are significantly effective in antigen recognition; in spite of losing their light chains [6][7][8], also, they have lower molecular weight than conventional antibodies. In addition, these antibodies are less immunogenic than other mammalian antibodies [9], that means when they are injected into experimental models, it will be less likely to induce adverse reactions during the course of treatment [10]. The above pharmaceutical features recommend the camel antibodies as a substitute for other animals' therapeutic antibodies [11,12], or alternatively, it can be converted to a complete humanized antibody [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Simple Protocol for immunoglobulin G Purification from Camel “Camelus dromedarius” Serum

et al. 2017

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Open Life Sci. 2017; 12: 143-155 was at 450 rpm. Overall, the results suggest that caprylic acid purification of camel serum IgG is more effective and safe than ammonium sulfate method in simplicity, purity, and lower non-IgG proteins in the final preparation with lower protein aggregates.Keywords: Camelus dromedarius; camel IgG purification; caprylic acid; temperature; stirring IntroductionCamels produce several immunoglobulin classes in their serum, colostrum and milk, including IgM, IgA and IgG (IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3) [1][2][3]. Camels are special animals in antibody production as they possess a unique type of antibody in their serum which lack light chains as well as the heavy chain constant domain "CH1", so-called heavychain antibodies [4]. IgG1 occurs in the classical structure form of antibodies, while IgG2 and IgG3 represent heavy-chain antibodies [4], and they form about 75% of the IgG in camel serum [5]. Heavy-chain antibodies in camels are significantly effective in antigen recognition; in spite of losing their light chains [6][7][8], also, they have lower molecular weight than conventional antibodies. In addition, these antibodies are less immunogenic than other mammalian antibodies [9], that means when they are injected into experimental models, it will be less likely to induce adverse reactions during the course of treatment [10]. The above pharmaceutical features recommend the camel antibodies as a substitute for other animals' therapeutic antibodies [11,12], or alternatively, it can be converted to a complete humanized antibody [13].Antibody purification from different biological fluids such as serum, ascites and milk is an important step in the production of antibodies used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and research applications [14]. There are different methods for purification and the first reported method for purifying camel IgG from serum, by , used protein A-Sepharose and protein G-Sepharose. More Abstract: The present study aimed to describe and standardize a simple and efficient protocol for purification of camel IgG from serum, which can be applied for Camilidae antibody production in research laboratories, the preindustrial stage. Camel serum IgG was separated with caprylic acid and ammonium sulfate, then the effect of four variables studied: caprylic acid concentration, pH, stirring time, and stirring intensity. Camel IgG prepared by standardized caprylic acid fractionation method for camel serum was compared with commercial anti-sera products. Camel IgG purification from undiluted sera using caprylic acid at concentration of 8% v/v gave the best results. Purification at different pH values using caprylic acid at 8% v/v revealed that pH 5.5 was optimal. Investigating purification at different stirring time intervals using 8% v/v caprylic acid at pH 5.5 demonstrated that stirring for 90 min gave the optimum results. Finally, studying purification at different stirring intensities using 8% v/v caprylic acid at pH 5.5 for 90 min, the best stirring intensity

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“…and sheep 43. It remains to be seen whether polyclonal RIG from these species would be viable for clinical use.…”

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confidence: 96%

Monoclonal antibodies for the prevention of rabies: theory and clinical practice

Nagarajan¹,

Marissen²,

Rupprecht³

2014

ANTI

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Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have become a unique and attractive class of biologics, possessing several desirable characteristics for use in human medicine. Anti-infective MAbs for several medically important viral agents, including rabies virus (RABV), have been developed and are currently at different stages of clinical development. Rabies is a vaccinepreventable but neglected zoonosis. After severe bite exposures, prompt administration of a combination of potent rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is recommended. Due in part to cost, equine RIG has been largely used instead of human RIG, especially in the developing world. With an estimated 10 million RABV exposures annually, the use of MAbs has emerged in concept as a potential alternative to polyclonal RIG for future prophylaxis needs. Murine MAbs, although efficacious, are less attractive because of immunogenicity. However, human MAbs seem to have the potential to replace polyclonal RIG because they possess all the desirable characteristics for an intended biologic. The exquisite specificity of the MAbs for a single epitope is generally believed to result in narrow spectrum of RABV neutralization and perceived generation of escape mutants. These issues can be mitigated by formulating a cocktail of candidate MAbs that are directed against distinct, nonoverlapping epitopes. Expression of recombinant human MAbs in mammalian cell lines, such as Chinese hamster ovary and human retinal, is central to the economical production at an industrial scale. Thus far, human MAbs developed by two companies have successfully passed through Phase I or II clinical trials in countries such as the US and India.

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Ovine anti-rabies antibody production and evaluation

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of camel milk on the hepatitis C virus burden of infected patients

Influence of camel milk on the hepatitis C virus burden of infected patients

Simple Protocol for immunoglobulin G Purification from Camel “Camelus dromedarius” Serum

Monoclonal antibodies for the prevention of rabies: theory and clinical practice

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