Ovulation Induction

Oral contraceptive pills in the management of clomiphene resistant anovulation

“…In subgroup of patients who received OCPs but did not achieve ovulation while receiving repeat cc, their LH and betaestradiol decreased but not the androgen level. This finding is also supported by Imani et al [7] study which showed that patient with hyperandrogenaemia are poor responder to cc. Steinberger and Rodriguez Rigau [8] studied the relation of androgen suppression to pregnancy rates and found that more than 20% suppression resulted in 50% pregnancy rate.…”

“…Mean BMI in this study was 27kg/sq m but in the study of others as Emmet F. Branigan[1, 2] and Deepak Goenka [5] it was 30.3 kg/ sqm and 35 kg/ sqm respectively. Imani et al [6,7] had emphasized that obese hyperandrogenic women are refractory to clomiphen citrate(cc).…”

Determination by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry of clomiphene isomers in the plasma of patients undergoing treatment for the induction of ovulation

“…Recent reports have indicated that a number of individual patient characteristics are responsible for the success or failure of treatment with CC [1,[4][5][6][7]. However, a factor affecting response that has not been considered is that of plasma clomiphene concentration as a measure of drug exposure [1].…”

Mass spectrometric analyses of urinary clomiphene and toremifene metabolites in doping control by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF)

“…[4][5][6] Clomiphene can lead to ova release by occupying estrogen receptors and interfering with feedback mechanisms and is used clinically for the induction of ovulation. 7,8 The athletes could illicitly use the two drugs mainly to increase endogenous testosterone levels and balance the adverse effects of the extensive abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids. 9,10 Therefore, the two drugs have been included, with other similar drugs, in Section 4 "agents with anti-oestrogenic activity" of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) list of prohibited substances and methods since 2005.…”