Oxaliplatin‐loaded crosslinked polymeric network of chondroitin sulfate‐co‐poly(methacrylic acid) for colorectal cancer: Its toxicological evaluation

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize chemically crosslinked chondroitin sulfate-co-poly(methacrylic acid) (CSMA) hydrogels for colon targeting of oxaliplatin (OXP) to treat colorectal cancer. CSMA hydrogels were synthesized by freeradical polymerization. Chondroitin sulfate was chemically crosslinked with methacrylic acid in an aqueous medium. Ammonium peroxodisulfate and N,N-methylene bisacrylamide were used as the initiator and crosslinker, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy studies were performed to characterize the fabricated polymeric system. The pH-sensitive characteristics of the hydrogels were evaluated by swelling dynamics and equilibrium swelling ratio measurements at pH 1.2 and 7.4. A toxicity study of the developed formulations was also conducted on rabbits to determine the toxicity of the drug-carrier system to the biological system. The characterization studies confirmed the formation of a new polymeric network. A high OXP loading and higher drug release was observed at pH 7.4. The toxicity study confirmed that the developed formulations were nontoxic to the biological system.

Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Aspartic/Alginic Acid Based Semi-Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels for Controlled Release of Ibuprofen

“…The above discussion indicates that fabricated hydrogels have higher thermal stability than unreacted ASP and AL and could be employed for controlled drug delivery system. Barkat et al (2017) prepared chondroitin sulfate-based hydrogels and reported maximum thermal stability for the prepared network of hydrogels compared to hydrogels contents [50], which further supports our observation.…”

“…Similarly, two endothermic peaks at 63 and 268 °C are assigned by DSC of AL ( Figure 6 B) while an exothermic peak is detected at 237 °C, respectively. The endothermic peaks are concerned with water loss related to hydrophilic groups whereas exothermic peak shows the dehydration and depolymerization reactions [ 49 ]. DSC thermogram of ASP/ALPAA hydrogels ( Figure 6 C) reveals endothermic and exothermic peaks at 225, 330 and 170, 252 °C, respectively.…”

Preparation, Characterization, Swelling Potential, and In-Vitro Evaluation of Sodium Poly(Styrene Sulfonate)-Based Hydrogels for Controlled Delivery of Ketorolac Tromethamine

“…The thermal degradation of the developed network starts at 370 °C, which indicates that the thermal stability of the SPSPAA hydrogel is higher than unreacted polymer. Barkat et al prepared chondroitin sulfate-based hydrogels and reported higher thermal stability for the developed system compared to polymer [ 32 ]. Figure 4 C indicates the DSC thermogram of KT.…”

Formulation and In-Vitro Characterization of pH-Responsive Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels for Controlled Release of Ketorolac Tromethamine

“…Similarly, a minor exothermic peak is perceived at 253 °C, followed by the glass phase transition. The discussion shows that the thermal degradation of the fabricated hydrogel networks is perceived within the temperature range of 350–400 °C, indicating higher stability of the fabricated hydrogels compared to CP and SpS [ 47 ].…”