Oxidant, mixed-function oxidase and peroxisomal responses in channel catfish exposed to a bleached kraft mill effluent

Abstract

Channel catfish (Ictalarus punctatus) were exposed to 0, 10, 20, and 40% bleached kraft pulp and paper mill effluent (BKME) for up to two weeks. Fish were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 of exposure. Blood, liver, and gill tissues were assayed for biochemical responses associated with oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities and methemoglobin, reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde concentrations), peroxisome proliferation (palmitoyl-CoA oxidase and lauroyl-CoA oxidase activities) and the mixed-function oxidase system (cytochrome P-450 difference spectra and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities). There were significant dose-related increases in hepatic catalase and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities and significant decreases in hepatic reduced glutathione concentrations. There were also significant increases in lauroyl-CoA oxidase and palmitoyl-CoA oxidases activities, both components of the fatty acid beta-oxidation system and located in peroxisomes. No statistically significant changes were seen in the other components studied. The increases in catalase and the fatty-acid oxidase activities suggest that BKME exposure may have resulted in peroxisome proliferation in catfish hepatic tissue.

Acute effects of copper on superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation in the freshwater teleost fish, Esomus danricus

“…For example, channel catfish exposed to bleached kraft mill effluent showed increased hepatic catalase activity and decreased hepatic glutathione (GSH). Although not necessarily an adaptive response, a decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes is biologically significant and may also serve as a marker of oxidative stress (Mather-Mihaich et al 1991).…”

Peroxisome proliferation as a biomarker in environmental pollution assessment

“…Combined exposure to endosulfan and disulfoton also provokes a transient increase in the absolute volume occupied by peroxisomes in liver of rainbow trout (Arnold et al, 1995) and peroxisome proliferation has been reported in kidney proximal tubules of rainbow trout treated with atrazine or linuron (Oulmi et al, 1995a,b). BKMEs provoke increases in catalase, lauroyl-CoA oxidase, and AOX in the channel catfish Ictalarus punctatus (Mather-Mihaich and Di Giulio, 1991) and cause an increase in the number of liver peroxisomes in Cottus gobio down-stream of two paper mills discharging BKME (Bucher et al, 1992). Intraperitoneal injection of B(a)P in the demersal fish Solea ovata results in increased numerical densities of hepatic peroxisomes (Au et al, 1999).…”

“…Statistical significance was established at P Ͻ 0.05. 1998; Haasch et al, 1998;Mather-Mihaich and Di Giulio, 1991;Pedrajas et al, 1996;Scarano et al, 1994). Alternatively, peroxisomal protein levels have been measured by immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry coupled to image analysis , Orbea et al, 2002a.…”

Arsenic-induced responses in freshwater teleosts

“…LPO tends to be lower in herbivorous fish than in omnivorous species, correlating with lower glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, although the herbivorous species have higher SOD activity (Radi et al 1985). Experimental exposure of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to different concentrations of bleached kraft mill effluents did not increase lipid peroxidation in liver (Mather-Mihaich and DiGiulio 1991). TBARS remained unchanged in Mugil sp.…”

“…A decrease in glutathione was observed in climbing perch (A. testudineus) exposed to industrial pollutants after short-and long-term exposure (Chatterjee , in the liver of bullhead (Cottus gobio L.) from a polluted site (Bucher et al 1993) and in channel catfish exposed to bleached kraft mill effluents (Mather-Mihaich and DiGiulio 1991). The glutathione disulfide/glutathione ratio is a measure of the intracellular redox state, higher values indicating oxidative stress.…”