Oxidation of carbon by nitrites and nitrates

Glazkova, A. P.; Kazarova, Yu. A.; Savel'ev, A. V.

doi:10.1007/bf00782855

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Water decreases the reaction rate due to diluting of HNO 3 and thereby helping eliminate NO 2 + , and it has an unavoidably complex role, since AN innately tends to form a surface film of water. According to Brill et al and Glazkova et al, the main reactions involving ammonium nitrite in this sequence are:…”

Section: Reactions Involving Additional Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herquet showed that adding as little as 0.1%‐1.0% organic matter reduced the minimum temperature needed to achieve explosion. Macy et al heated AN mixed with paper in glass flasks held at 175°C; two of four test runs ended in a gas explosion inside. The USBM used open‐top test tubes heated to only moderate temperatures (117°C‐199°C), but two tests led to explosion (not detonation), both of which included a zinc contaminant.…”

Section: Explosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate

Babrauskas

Leggett²

2019

Fire and Materials

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The thermal decomposition reactions of ammonium nitrate (AN) are reviewed. Both neat AN and AN containing various contaminants are examined, however quantitative kinetics results are not encompassed. Also not included is the performance of AN as the oxidizer in rocket propellants or in explosives such as ANFO. The review is intended to be the most comprehensive review of decomposition reactions of AN since Berthelot's treatise of 1892. Despite hundreds of papers on the topic that have appeared in the intervening years, understanding of decomposition mechanisms remains only modestly more complete than it was in Berthelot's day. However, some additional reaction steps and mechanisms have been identified and these are discussed. Explosions of AN most commonly involve fire as the proximate cause, yet chemical-mechanism research on the topic is nil. A modest number of studies have explored the potentiation of AN decomposition by organic contaminants. These have, thus far, not produced guidance useful for promoting of safety from fire-related causes. Contamination from inorganic sources, notably chlorides is better understood and some mechanisms have been studied. The UN classification of AN as an oxidizer, instead of as an explosive, should not be interpreted literally, since AN has been associated with numerous detonation disasters. K E Y W O R D Sammonium nitrate,

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Section: Reactions Involving Additional Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Explosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate

Babrauskas

Leggett²

2019

Fire and Materials

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“…Gunawan and Zhang noticed that the presence of pyrite in ANFOs chemical composition additionally catalyzes the decomposition reaction of an explosive [10]. The influence of the flammable component on the blasting properties of ANFO has also been studied [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In the conducted research, the combustible components were coal dust, sugar in the powdered and crystalline forms, aluminum dust, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and fuel oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, C 5 -C=O undergoes oxidation into intermediates in the form of ions and radicals. Furthermore, the formation of low stability ammonium nitrite (NH 4 NO 2 ) allows for the production of CO and N 2 [15,20,21]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Investigation of Microstructured Charcoal as an ANFO Blasting Enhancer

et al. 2020

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In this study, we examined the influence of microstructured charcoal (MC) when added to ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) samples. We performed a study that investigated ANFOs structure, crystallinity, and morphology by utilizing infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. MC characteristics were probed by Raman spectroscopy and SEM analysis. SEM analysis indicated how fuel oil (FO) covered ammonium nitrate prill. Moreover, the surface of the MC was covered by specific microfibers and microtubes. The disordered graphitic structure of the MC was also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Simulation of blasting properties revealed that the addition of MC should decrease blasting parameters like heat explosion, detonation pressure, and detonation temperature. However, the obtained differences are negligible in comparison with the regular ANFO. All analyses indicated that MC was a good candidate as an additive to ANFO.

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Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 56. On the fast thermolysis mechanism of ammonium nitrate and its mixtures with mangnesium and carbon

Patil

Jain

Brill

1992

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Fast thermolysis studies of ammonium nitrate (AN) and its mixtures with magnesium and activated charcoal have been carried out by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/temperature profiling technique. When subjected to rapid heating (ca. 80°C/s), AN Sublimes/decomposes around 300°. Sublimation dominates at ambient pressures. The IR‐active products of decomposition are NH3, NO2, N2O and H2O. Reaction schemes accounting for the products are proposed which involve proton transfer leading to NH3 by the decomposition products of HNO3. The decomposition of AN is significantly enhanced when AN is mixed with magnesium powder or charcoal, and occurs at as low a temperature as 135°C. Whereas NH3 is the major product of decomposition of ANMg mixtures, no NH3 is observed from ANC mixtures. The results are explained by the reaction of HNO3 and NH3 with Mg or C.

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Oxidation of carbon by nitrites and nitrates

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate

Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate

On the Investigation of Microstructured Charcoal as an ANFO Blasting Enhancer

Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 56. On the fast thermolysis mechanism of ammonium nitrate and its mixtures with mangnesium and carbon

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