Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 56. On the fast thermolysis mechanism of ammonium nitrate and its mixtures with mangnesium and carbon

Patil, D.G.; Jain, Sanjay; Brill, T. B.

doi:10.1002/prep.19920170302

Cited by 50 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…A great deal of work has been done on the kinetics and mechanisms of decomposition whose possible variety seems to strongly dependent on the experimental conditions such as the pressure, sample size, state of con®nement, heating rate, and the presence of traces of impurities or additives [14]. This can explain to some extent the surprisingly wide range of activation energy values reported for the thermal decomposition of AN, ranging from 118 [15] to 171.5 kJ mol À1 [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Study of the decomposition of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) by simultaneous thermal analysis: determination of kinetic parameters

Simões¹,

Pedroso²,

Portugal³

et al. 1998

Thermochimica Acta

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Ammonium nitrate (AN) has been extensively used both in explosive and propellant formulations. Unlike AN, there is a lack of information about the thermal decomposition and related kinetic analysis of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN). Simultaneous thermal analysis (DSC-TG) has been used in the thermal characterisation of a speci®c type of PSAN containing 1.0% of NiO (stabilizing agent) and 0.5% of Petro (anti-caking agent) as additives. Repeated runs covering the nominal heating rates range from 2.5 to 20 K min À1 allowed to conclude on the good reproducibility of the main features of the thermal behavior of PSAN, i.e., two phase transitions, melting and decomposition. Non-isothermal kinetic analysis has been used to estimated the Arrhenius parameters of the decomposition process by applying both a single curve method and two isoconversion methods to the TG data. The results are discussed considering the range of applicability of the methods as well as the in¯uence of the experimental conditions and/or techniques in the kinetic analysis results in a broader sense. A systematic approach based on the isoconversion methods results and statistical tools has been adopted to obtain reliable estimates of the Arrhenius parameters for the thermal decomposition of PSAN. Under the condition of study, the values of 81.4AE3.5 kJ mol À1 for the activation energy and (5.63AE0.01)Â10 5 s À1 for the pre-exponential factor were found as describing the process over a wide range of the kinetic analysis. # 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Study of the decomposition of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) by simultaneous thermal analysis: determination of kinetic parameters

Simões¹,

Pedroso²,

Portugal³

et al. 1998

Thermochimica Acta

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show abstract

“…The mechanism of ammonium nitrate decomposition has been a focus of several studies in the literature [12][13][14]. Several mechanisms have been proposed, since the observed thermolysis of ammonium nitrate is greatly dependent on the experimental conditions, including pressure, temperature, sample size, state of confinement, heating rate, time lapsed in monitoring the gaseous product, and the presence of trace amounts of impurities or additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal stability and kinetics of decomposition of ammonium nitrate in the presence of pyrite

Gunawan

Zhang

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

105

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“…Mass peak 18 is also determined as H 2 O. As same reason discussed in TG-DTA-MS result, NH 3 (17,16) also was evolved. In contrast to result of TG-DTA-MS, mass peak 32 which was derived from O 2 was detected and mass peaks 36 and 35 were not detected.…”

Section: Pdsc-msmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…HCl reacts with HNO 3 to produce NO 2 Cl and after that NO 2 Cl decomposes to NO 2 and Cl radical according to Eq. (16). The Cl radical then triggers the radical chain reaction of AN.…”

Section: Pdsc-msmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thermal decomposition mechanism of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride mixtures

Izato

Miyake

2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) and potassium chloride (KCl) mixtures was investigated. The thermal properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the evolved gas was analyzed using thermogravimetry with mass spectrometry and pressurized DSC coupled with mass spectrometry (TG-DTA-MS and PDSC-MS). DSC measurements of AN/KCl mixtures in sealed and sealedseparated sample pans showed a sharp exothermic decomposition and lower onset temperature than pure AN, whereas AN/KCl in an open pan exhibited an endothermic reaction. In the sealed-separated pan, a separator with a pinhole divided the KCl and AN physically and the evolved gas could interact with both AN and KCl. TG-DTA-MS results revealed that HCl gas was evolved from AN/KCl, which indicated that the reaction of KCl with HNO 3 dissociated from AN formed HCl, and subsequent destabilization of AN. However, the TG-DTA-MS results did not indicate the violent exothermic reaction due to using an open pan and ordinary pressure conditions. PDSC-MS was used to observe two exothermic reactions of AN/KCl and analyze the evolved gases from the reactions. A violent first exothermic reaction was accompanied by a large amount of N 2 and N 2 O gases without H 2 O, and a second exothermic reaction accompanied by H 2 O, N 2 O, and other gases occurred subsequently. The reactions are HCl þ HNO 3 ! NO 2 Cl þ H 2 O ! Cl þ NO 2 þ H 2 O, which have a lower energy barrier by 103 kJ mol -1 than the energy barrier that is needed for HNO 3 homolysis cleavage, which is triggered by pure AN decomposition, HNO 3 ! OH þ NO 2 . We therefore concluded that AN reacts with KCl to produce Cl radicals via HCl and NO 2 Cl, and the Cl radical triggers a radical chain reaction of AN.

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Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 56. On the fast thermolysis mechanism of ammonium nitrate and its mixtures with mangnesium and carbon

Cited by 50 publications

References 20 publications

Study of the decomposition of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) by simultaneous thermal analysis: determination of kinetic parameters

Study of the decomposition of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) by simultaneous thermal analysis: determination of kinetic parameters

Thermal stability and kinetics of decomposition of ammonium nitrate in the presence of pyrite

Thermal decomposition mechanism of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride mixtures

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