Oxidation of natural rubber using a sodium tungstate/acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide catalytic system

Zhang, Jing; Zhou, Qian; Jiang, Xianhong; Du, An-Ke; Zhao, Tao; Kasteren, Johannes van; Wang, Yu‐Zhong

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.02.028

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…NR can be epoxidized in solution or in the latex stage by peracids . An amount of 100 g of rubber was made into a solution in toluene in a three‐necked, round‐bottomed flask equipped with a thermometer, mechanical stirrer, and condenser.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxidized natural rubber/epoxy blends: Phase morphology and thermomechanical properties

Mathew¹,

George²,

Parameswaranpillai

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Epoxidized natural rubbers (ENRs) were prepared. ENRs with different concentrations of up to 20 wt % were used as modifiers for epoxy resin. The epoxy monomer was cured with nadic methyl anhydride as a hardener in the presence of N,Ndimethyl benzyl amine as an accelerator. The addition of ENR to an anhydride hardener/epoxy monomer mixture gave rise to the formation of a phase-separated structure consisting of rubber domains dispersed in the epoxy-rich phase. The particle size increased with increasing ENR content. The phase separation was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis. The viscoelastic behavior of the liquid-rubber-modified epoxy resin was also evaluated with dynamic mechanical analysis. The storage moduli, loss moduli, and tan d values were determined for the blends of the epoxy resin with ENR. The effect of the addition of rubber on the glass-transition temperature of the epoxy matrix was followed. The thermal stability of the ENR-modified epoxy resin was studied with thermogravimetric analysis. Parameters such as the onset of degradation, maximum degradation temperature, and final degradation were not affected by the addition of ENR. The mechanical properties of the liquid-natural-rubber-modified epoxy resin were measured in terms of the fracture toughness and impact strength. The maximum impact strength and fracture toughness were observed with 10 wt % ENR modified epoxy blends. Various toughening mechanisms responsible for the enhancement in toughness of the diglycidyl ether of the bisphenol A/ENR blends were investigated. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39906.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxidized natural rubber/epoxy blends: Phase morphology and thermomechanical properties

Mathew¹,

George²,

Parameswaranpillai

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…In this paper, the Na 2 WO 4 /CH 3 COOH/H 2 O 2 catalytic system was expected to catalyze efficiently the oxidation of LNR. This is due to the nature of tungstic anion [W(CH 3 COOO)(O)(O 2 ) 2 ] -(Scheme 1) which having two active epoxidation sites will act interactively to enhance the epoxidation of LNR (Zhang et al 2010). Nevertheless, the epoxy group produced will undergo ring-opening reaction when the amount of catalyst, reaction time and temperature were increased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidation of LNR was conducted using a method previously described by Zhang et al (2010) with slight modifications. Oxidation of LNR was carried out using LNR in toluene followed by addition of CH 3 COOH.…”

Section: Oxidation Of Lnrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, ENR was synthesized using performic acid at 50°C for 4-5 h but they managed to get only 25 mol% of epoxy content (Yoksan 2008). Zhang et al (2010) has studied the oxidation of NR via Na 2 WO 4 /CH 3 COOH/H 2 O 2 catalytic system resulted in 92% of epoxy content at a higher reaction temperature (90°C) and longer reaction time (24 h).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epoxidation and Hydroxylation of Liquid Natural Rubber

Azhar

Rasid

Yusoff³

2017

JSM

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Liquid natural rubber (LNR) was functionalized into liquid epoxidized natural rubber (LENR) and hydroxylated LNR (LNR-OH) via oxidation using a Na 2 WO 4 /CH 3 COOH/H 2 O 2 catalytic system. Microstructures of LNR and functionalized LNRs were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The effect of CH 3 COOH, H 2 O 2 , Na 2 WO 4 , reaction time and temperature. reaction time and temperature on epoxy content were investigated. LNR-OH was obtained when oxidation reaction was conducted at a longer reaction time, higher temperature or excess amount of catalyst. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reported the thermal behavior of functionalized LNRs. Molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI) were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

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“…It is worth mentioning that there exist a large amount of side vinyl groups on the HVBR molecular chains, which provides higher possibility for the epoxy modification. Consequently, in order to broaden the effective damping temperature range of HVBR, we first adopted the epoxy modification of HVBR with peroxyacetic acid (CH 3 COOOH) as epoxidant to introduce the epoxy groups on the molecular chains of the rubber matrix, and then attempted to blend the resulting epoxidized HVBR (EHVBR) with different amounts and kinds of hindered phenols, such as AO‐60 and AO‐80, to improve the damping properties of the EHVBR/hindered phenol hybrids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on epoxy modification of HVBR and damping performance of EHVBR/hindered phenol hybrids

Zhao

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, epoxidized high vinyl polybutadiene rubber (EHVBR) was prepared by the epoxidation reaction of high vinyl polybutadiene rubber (HVBR) in toluene using peroxyacetic acid as oxidant. The effects of reaction temperature and peroxyacetic acid concentration on the epoxidation degree of EHVBR were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the damping properties of organic hybrids consisting of EHVBR and different contents of hindered phenols tetrakis [methylene‐3‐(3‐5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl) propionyloxy] methane (AO‐60) and 3,9‐bis[1,1‐dimethyl‐2{β‐(3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methylphenyl)propionyloxy} ethyl]‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecane (AO‐80) were explored by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). FTIR and NMR analyses indicated that the epoxidation occurred on the C=C double bonds of HVBR molecular chains and the epoxidation degree of EHVBR could be adjusted from 5 to 65% through control of the reaction temperature and peroxyacetic acid concentration. DMA and physical mechanical measurements indicated that the introduction of AO‐60 and AO‐80 could simultaneously improve the damping properties and mechanical properties of the EHVBR/AO‐60 and EHVBR/AO‐80 hybrids. The blending ratios of EHVBR/AO‐60 = 100/60 and EHVBR/AO‐80 = 100/60 showed better damping properties and the effective damping temperature ranges were extended from 13.1 to 52.3 °C and from 16.1 to 54 °C, respectively. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47196.

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Oxidation of natural rubber using a sodium tungstate/acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide catalytic system

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Epoxidized natural rubber/epoxy blends: Phase morphology and thermomechanical properties

Epoxidized natural rubber/epoxy blends: Phase morphology and thermomechanical properties

Epoxidation and Hydroxylation of Liquid Natural Rubber

Study on epoxy modification of HVBR and damping performance of EHVBR/hindered phenol hybrids

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