Oxidation of Toluene with Dilute Nitric Acid at High Temperature and Pressure.

Stoichiometry, kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of hydroxyammonium ion with iron(III) in acetate buffers

“…Nitrogen is the major product in oxidations with excess of iodine," iridium(rv)" [Fe(CN),],-21 and vanadium(v). 22 These results in Table 1 indicate that in the light the stoichiometry A[Fe"']/A[NH,OH+] is 1 : 1 [equation ( 2)] and the gaseous product is nitrogen, but in the dark the Fe"' + N H 3 0 H + -Fe" + 3N2 + H,O + 2H+ (2) stoichiometry is between 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 in accordance with what Butler and Gordon5 found. The gaseous products are N2 and N,O in the latter case and hence both reactions (1) and (2) occur in the dark.…”

Benzophenone via nitric acid oxidation of 1,1-diphenylethane

“…usually give a mixture of nitration and oxidation products. Fortunately, the rates of nitric acid oxidation at elevated temperature and pressure are considerably enhanced over those of nitration so that the latter reaction can be minimized (Bengtsson, 1953(Bengtsson, ,1954. A practical and safe way of carrying out nitric acid oxidations is by gradual addition of nitric acid at a temperature at which oxidation occurs at a fast rate.…”

“…Most benzophenone is manufactured today by Friedel-Crafts chemistry. Nitric acid oxidation of diphenylmethane to produce benzophenone has been known, but this procedure has not yet reached commercial significance (Rivkin, 1938;Bengtsson, 1955;Nakamura, 1971). The mechanism of nitric acid oxidation of diphenylmethane has been the subject of several papers (Ogata et al, 1969a,b;Ogata and Tezuka, 1970).…”