Oxidation properties and microstructure of a chromium coating on zircaloy-4 fuel cladding material applied by atmospheric plasma spraying

Li, Qing; Wang, Yu; Du, Peinan; Song, Peng; Zhang, Ruiqian; Li, Zhenhua; Lu, Jiansheng

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153496

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A vertical crack was present at the top surface of the ZrO2 scale in the bubble, which is clearly highlighted. The formation of bubbles has been well reported in the literature [20][21][22]. The main reasons behind the bubble formation on the top region of the oxide layer are (i) the large variation in the thermal expansion co-efficient between the ZrO2 matrix and the Ferich oxide in the water; and (ii) longer exposure time of the oxide layer in a high-temperature water medium.…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 58%

Accelerated Formation of Oxide Layers on Zircaloy-4 Utilizing Air Oxidation and Comparison with Water-Corroded Oxide Layers

Muthu,

Lee,

Okonkwo

et al. 2023

Materials

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For the dry storage of Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) spent nuclear fuels, the integrity of Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding has to be verified. However, the formation of ~10 µm-thick oxide layers in typical CANDU reactor operating conditions takes several years, which makes sample preparation a slow process. To overcome such limitations, in this study, an accelerated formation of an oxide layer on Zircaloy-4 cladding tube was developed with a combination of high-temperature water corrosion (HT-WC) and air oxidation (AO). First, Zircaloy-4 tubes were corroded in oxygenated (2 ppm dissolved oxygen) high-temperature water (360 °C/19.5 MPa) for 500 h. Then, the tubes were air-oxidized at 500 °C for 30 h. Finally, the tubes were corroded again in HT-WC for 500 h to produce ~10 µm-thick oxide layers. The morphology and characteristics of the oxide layer in each step were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the oxide layer formed in the accelerated method was comparable to that formed in HT-WC in terms of morphology and oxide phases. Thus, the accelerated oxide formation method can be used to prepare an oxidized Zircaloy-4 cladding tube for CANDU fuel integrity analysis.

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Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 58%

Accelerated Formation of Oxide Layers on Zircaloy-4 Utilizing Air Oxidation and Comparison with Water-Corroded Oxide Layers

Muthu,

Lee,

Okonkwo

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…Among the many investigated coating materials, most attention is given to chromiumbased coatings [9][10][11][12][13]. Chromium has good corrosion resistance in water steam due to the protective Cr 2 O 3 scale formed under high-temperature oxidation [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barrier Properties of Cr/Ta-Coated Zr-1Nb Alloy under High-Temperature Oxidation

Syrtanov,

Korneev,

Kashkarov

et al. 2024

Metals

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In this paper, Cr (8 μm)/Ta (3 μm) bilayer coatings deposited on a Zr-1Nb alloy substrate were investigated and compared with a Cr-coated alloy under high-temperature steam oxidation at 1200–1400 °C. The bilayer coatings with α- and β-Ta interlayers were obtained by magnetron sputtering. The Cr/Ta-coated samples were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and optical microscopy (OM). The coating with an α-Ta interlayer can suppress the interdiffusion of chromium and zirconium more effectively up to 1330 °C in comparison with the coating having a β-Ta interlayer. The weight gain of the α-Ta-coated samples after oxidation at 1200 °C for 2000 s was 5–6 times lower than that of the Cr-coated Zr alloy samples. Oxidation at 1400 °C for 120 s showed no significant difference in the weight gain of the Cr- and Cr/Ta-coated Zr-1Nb alloy samples. It was shown that the effect of suppression of Zr-Cr interdiffusion by the barrier coating (α- and β-Ta) is only short-term.

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“…Kashkarov et al [ 13 ] prepared a Cr coating on M5 Framatome (Zr1Nb) alloy by physical vapor deposition and found that a dense 4.5 μm thick Cr coating provided better oxidation resistance up to 1100 °C. Qing Li et al [ 14 , 15 ] prepared chromium coating on zircaloy-4 by atmospheric plasma spraying. Compared with zirconium alloy, after oxidation at 1300 °C, the multilayer structure of surface Cr 2 O 3 , residual Cr coating, thin (Zr, Cr) O 2 layer, Cr Zr layer and zirconium alloy substrate was formed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Microstructures and High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Cr Coatings on Zircaloy-4 by Multi-Arc Ion Plating Technology

Peng

Liu

et al. 2022

Materials

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Introducing the oxidation-resistant coating on Zr alloy is considered to be one of the potential solutions for accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) materials. In this study, pure Cr coatings were prepared on a Zircaloy-4 (Zry-4) alloy surface by multi-arc ion plating under different process parameters. The ability of Cr coating on Zry-4 alloy cladding to improve the oxidation resistance to prevent a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) was studied. The microstructure of Cr coating was analyzed using the EBSD technique, and the high-temperature steam oxidation was tested at 800, 1000 and 1200 °C. Compared with the original Zry-4 alloy, the samples with Cr coatings exhibited much better oxidation resistance under different high-temperature steam oxidation conditions. However, the Cr coating exhibited columnar grain, strong preferred orientation and (001) fiber texture. The columnar grain boundaries provided paths for the diffusion of oxygen atoms to the Zry-4 alloy matrix at high temperatures. The results showed that the oxidation film of Cr coating with relatively random grain orientation was compact and uniform and exhibited the best oxidation resistance at high temperatures.

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Oxidation properties and microstructure of a chromium coating on zircaloy-4 fuel cladding material applied by atmospheric plasma spraying

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Accelerated Formation of Oxide Layers on Zircaloy-4 Utilizing Air Oxidation and Comparison with Water-Corroded Oxide Layers

Accelerated Formation of Oxide Layers on Zircaloy-4 Utilizing Air Oxidation and Comparison with Water-Corroded Oxide Layers

Barrier Properties of Cr/Ta-Coated Zr-1Nb Alloy under High-Temperature Oxidation

Investigation on Microstructures and High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Cr Coatings on Zircaloy-4 by Multi-Arc Ion Plating Technology

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