Oxidation states of uranium in depleted uranium particles from Kuwait

Salbu, Brit; Janssens, Koen; Lind, Ole Christian; Proost, K.; Gijsels, L.; Danesi, P.R.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.04.001

Cited by 84 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is similar to results reported by Danesi et al (2003). Likewise, Lind et al (2005) found that >50% of the DU particles in soil they studied from Kosovo were less than 1.5 um in diameter. Salbu et al (2005) characterized DU particles from battle sites in Kuwait and found a slightly larger particle size range.…”

Section: Other Sites With Explosive Du Releasessupporting

confidence: 89%

Technical Evaluation of Soil Remediation Alternatives at the Building 812 Operable Unit, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Site 300

Eddy-Dilek¹,

Miles²,

Abitz³

2009

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Section: Other Sites With Explosive Du Releasessupporting

confidence: 89%

Technical Evaluation of Soil Remediation Alternatives at the Building 812 Operable Unit, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Site 300

Eddy-Dilek¹,

Miles²,

Abitz³

2009

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“…U in the DU particles was oxidized to UO 2 or U 3 O 8 ). Following the Golf war, DU particles ranging from submicrons to several hundred micrometers were observed [16]. The median particle size depended on sources and sampling sites; small-sized oxidized U particles as (UO 2 , U 3 O 8 or a mixture of these oxidized forms, similar to that observed in Kosovo, were identified in swipes and in soils collected below DU penetrators.…”

Section: Du Particles Released From Depleted Uranium (Du) Munitionsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The median particle size depended on sources and sampling sites; small-sized oxidized U particles as (UO 2 , U 3 O 8 or a mixture of these oxidized forms, similar to that observed in Kosovo, were identified in swipes and in soils collected below DU penetrators. Larger particles with U present in oxidation state +5 and +6, were associated with fire in a DU ammunition storage facility [16]. Figure 1.…”

Section: Du Particles Released From Depleted Uranium (Du) Munitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radioactive particles released from various nuclear sources

Salbu¹,

Lind²

2005

Radioprotection

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Abstract. Radionuclides released to the environment may be present in different physico-chemical forms, ranging from ionic species to colloids, particles and fragments. Following releases during nuclear events such as nuclear weapon tests or use of depleted uranium munitions, and from nuclear accidents associated with explosions or fires, radionuclides such as uranium and plutonium are predominantly present as particles, mainly fuel particles. Similarly, radioactive particles are present in effluents from reprocessing facilities, and radioactive particles are observed in sediments in the close vicinity of radioactive waste dumped at sea. Thus, releases of radioactive particles occur far more often than earlier anticipated.Soils and sediments can act as a sink for colloids, particles and fragments, while contaminated soils and sediments may also act as a potential diffuse source, depending on particle characteristics and processes influencing particle weathering and remobilisation of associated radionuclides. To assess long-term impact from radioactive particle contamination, information on the source term is essential, i.e. activity concentrations and isotopic ratios as well as the particle size distribution, crystallographic structures and oxidation states influencing particle weathering rates and the subsequent mobilisation and biological uptake of associated radionuclides. The activity concentrations and the isotopic ratios will be source dependant, while particle characteristics will also reflect the release scenario, dispersion processes and deposition conditions. The present paper will summarise information on various nuclear sources summarise having released radioactive particles in the past.

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“…A number of other studies have characterised individual particles from environmental samples contaminated by the combustion of uranium metals and DU munitions (e.g. Török et al 2004;Salbu et al 2005;Lind et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of depleted uranium contamination in Colonie, NY, USA

Lloyd

Chenery

Parrish

2009

Science of The Total Environment

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Uranium oxide particulates were dispersed into the environment from a factory in Colonie (NY, USA) by prevailing winds during the 1960's and '70's. Uranium concentration and isotope ratios from bulk soil samples have been accurately measured using inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) without the need for analyte separation chemistry. The natural range of uranium concentrations in the Colonie soils has been estimated as 0.7 -2.1 µg g -1 , with a geometric mean of 1 µg g -1 ; the contaminated soil samples comprise uranium up to 500 ± 40 µg g -1. A plot of 236 U/ 238 U against 235 U/ 238 U isotopes ratios describes a mixing line between natural uranium and depleted uranium (DU) in bulk soil samples; scatter from this line can be accounted for by heterogeneity in the DU particulate. The end-member of DU compositions aggregated in these bulk samples comprises (2.05 ± 0.06) x10 -3 235 U/ 238 U, (3.2 ± 0.1) x10 -5 236 U/ 238 U, and (7.1 ± 0.3) x10 -6 234 U/ 238 U. The analytical method is sensitive to as little as 50 ng g -1 DU mixed with the natural uranium occurring in these soils. The contamination footprint has been mapped northward from site, and at least one third of the uranium in a soil sample from the surface 5 cm, collected 5.1 km NNW of the site, is DU. The distribution of contamination within the surface soil horizon follows a trend of exponential decrease with depth, which can be approximated by a simple diffusion model. Bioturbation by earthworms can account for dispersal of contaminant from the soil surface, in the form of primary uranium oxide particulates and uranyl species that are sorbed to organic matter. Considering this distribution, the total mass of uranium contamination emitted from the factory is estimated to be c. 4.8 tonnes.

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Oxidation states of uranium in depleted uranium particles from Kuwait

Cited by 84 publications

References 11 publications

Technical Evaluation of Soil Remediation Alternatives at the Building 812 Operable Unit, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Site 300

Technical Evaluation of Soil Remediation Alternatives at the Building 812 Operable Unit, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Site 300

Radioactive particles released from various nuclear sources

The distribution of depleted uranium contamination in Colonie, NY, USA

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