Oxidative/Antioxidative Status in Obese and Sport Trained Children: A Comparative Study

Abstract

The aim of the study was to compare oxidative/antioxidative status in obese and sport trained children and to correlate obtained redox markers with anthropometrical measurements, body composition parameters, and adipokines levels. 78 (44 males) obese (SG) and 80 (40 males) normal weight sport trained (CG) children matched for age and Tanner stage were recruited for the study. Body composition parameters and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Oxidative/antioxidative status was evaluated in plasma by total oxidative status (PerOX), oxidized-LDL cholesterol (oxLDL), total antioxidative capacity (ImAnOx), and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx). Leptin and adiponectin levels and adiponectin/leptin ratio (A/L) were also investigated. OxLDL was higher in SG versus CG (P < 0.05), but ImAnOx and GPx were reduced in SG versus CG (P < 0.01). Redox markers correlated significantly with BMI Z-score, WHR, WHtR, body composition parameters, leptin (in boys only), and A/L ratio (in boys only) in SG and in a whole studied population. PerOX significantly correlated with BMR in the CG. Antioxidative/oxidative status in obese children is significantly impaired and related adipose tissue excess and its hormonal activity. Oxidative status assessed by PerOx is also high in sport trained children but antioxidative defense is significantly more efficient with no overproduction of oxidized LDL.

Serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels are related to cardiometabolic risk and decreased after a weight loss treatment in obese children and adolescents

“…Several studies have described that oxLDL serum levels were elevated in children with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome . Our study has found that higher baseline oxLDL levels were associated with a higher CMS in obese children and adolescents.…”

“…Several studies have described that oxLDL serum levels were elevated in children with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome. 10,25,26 Our study has found that higher baseline oxLDL levels were associated with a higher CMS in obese children and adolescents. These results suggest that the oxidation of LDL-c molecules is a risk factor for the Some studies in obese adult populations demonstrated that weight loss was accompanied by a reduction in oxLDL levels, even in obese with metabolic syndrome or other metabolic abnormalities.…”

“…This oxidation seems to be a key event at the beginning and the progression of atherosclerosis, promoting the cholesterol deposition and its transformation into foam cells . Obese children and adolescents have higher serum levels of oxLDL than normal weight children . Furthermore, higher oxLDL levels have been significantly associated with higher body mass index (BMI), body fat, visceral fat, waist circumference, total cholesterol (TC), LDL‐c, leptin, and insulin resistance in pediatric population …”

“…However, this association was not found among the LR participants. Notably, a significant interaction was found between the response group and changes in LDL-c for changes in oxLDL after10 week, suggesting that the association between LDL-c and oxLDL was different in HR and LR (P for interaction = .017)…”

Changes in Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Rather Than in Paraoxonase1 are Associated with Changes in the Leptin/Leptin Receptor Ratio in Obese Children During Weight-Loss Therapy

“…These oxidized lipoproteins are internalized by macrophage scavenger receptors and promote foam cell formation and fatty plaque development. Obese children and adolescents have higher serum levels of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) than normal weight subjects [11][12][13][14]. Moreover, higher ox-LDL concentrations have been associated with higher body mass index (BMI), body fat, leptin levels and insulin resistance [13,15].…”