Oxidative Properties of Polystyrene Nanoparticles with Different Diameters in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (In Vitro Study)

Abstract

With the ongoing commercialization, human exposure to plastic nanoparticles will dramatically increase, and evaluation of their potential toxicity is essential. There is an ongoing discussion on the human health effects induced by plastic particles. For this reason, in our work, we assessed the effect of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) of various diameters (29, 44 and 72 nm) on selected parameters of oxidative stress and the viability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the in vitro system. Cells were incubated with PS-NPs for 24 h in the concentration range of 0.001 to 100 µg/mL and then labeled: formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (including hydroxyl radical), protein and lipid oxidation and cell viability. We showed that PS-NPs disturbed the redox balance in PBMCs. They increased ROS levels and induced lipid and protein oxidation, and, finally, the tested nanoparticles induced a decrease in PBMCs viability. The earliest changes in the PBMCs were observed in cells incubated with the smallest PS-NPs, at a concentration of 0.01 μg/mL. A comparison of the action of the studied nanoparticles showed that PS-NPs (29 nm) exhibited a stronger oxidative potential in PBMCs. We concluded that the toxicity and oxidative properties of the PS-NPs examined depended to significant degree on their diameter.

EGFR and COX-2 Dual Inhibitor: The Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Chalcones

“…The synthesized A1-A6 color varied from dark red to brown, and the yield percentage ranged from 65 to 78%. Compounds 1 and 5 were prepared according to reported methods [24,25,29,30].…”

“…The azo derivatives were prepared according to the reported methods. Compounds A1 and A5 were reported and prepared according to references [24,25].…”

Release of microplastic fibres and fragmentation to billions of nanoplastics from period products: preliminary assessment of potential health implications

“…14,16 Exposure to a mixture of PS in micro and nano size was found to result in the deterioration of intestinal barrier function and cause gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice (reduction of microbial diversity). 17 So far, evidence has suggested that PS nanoplastics caused oxidative stress in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 18 toxicity in human lung epithelial cells 15 and DNA damage in monocytes. 19 Human lymphocytes, human B lymphoblastoids (Raji-B), human lymphoblast cells heterozygous at the thymidine kinase (TK6), and human foreskin fibroblast cells (Hs27) showed increased genotoxicity after treatment with PS nanoplastics.…”

Advanced microplastic monitoring using Raman spectroscopy with a combination of nanostructure-based substrates

“…Consequently, a series of studies on the chronic toxicity of MNP exposure has reported on potential risks that may be linked to various human health issues, including endocrine disturbances, reproductive toxicity [ 32 ], neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, liver toxicity [ 14 ], cardiac fibrosis [ 33 ], pulmonary fibrosis, and even carcinogenesis [ 10 ]. Additionally, a line of proof has emerged of negative effects from exposure to PS MNPs and additives for blood plasma [ 34 , 35 ] and human health [ 36 ]. Based on scientific evidence, the serious risks of PS MNPs have been fully justified as a cause of cellular toxicity in mammals [ 37 ].…”