Oxidative Stress and Anti-Oxidant Markers in Premature Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Abstract

BACKGROUND:Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) caused by decreased surfactant and structural lung immaturity. The imbalance between oxidative status and antioxidant defence system was suggested to be an important trigger for lung affection with RDS.AIM:The goal of the current research was to elucidate the significance of the oxidant/ antioxidant status in the pathogenesis of RDS in preterm infants.PATIENTS AND METHODS:This controlled study included 31 preterm neonates with RDS and 36 healthy preterm neonates. Quantification level of oxidative stress biomarkers; malondialdehyde (MDA) & hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) along with antioxidant enzymes activity; catalase (CAT) & superoxide dismutase (SOD) in plasma of healthy premature neonates compared with those with RDS.RESULTS:status of oxidative stress markers (MDA & H2O2) showed a significant increase with decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes activity (CAT & SOD) in neonates with RDS when compared to healthy prematures.CONCLUSION:The results obtained in this study indicate that the increased oxidative stress accompanied by reduced antioxidant defences may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of respiratory distress in preterm newborns.

Novel predictor markers for early differentiation between transient tachypnea of newborn and respiratory distress syndrome in neonates

“…In agreement with our results, some studies indicated that the increased OS accompanied by reduced antioxidant defenses may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of RD in preterm newborns 67 and our results agreed with some studies revealed that there was an evidence of oxidative damage and diminished antioxidant defenses in newborns with RDS and the neonatal RDS is associated with certain damage of the cell lipids, proteins and DNA, due to the effect of oxidative stress. 68 …”

Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress for Neonatal Lung Disease

“…Interestingly, birth weight and gestational age were negatively correlated with both plasma protein carbonyls and oxidant/antioxidants ratio, whereas non-significant correlations were found between the levels of OS markers and the severity of RDS ( 35 ). The role of OS in neonatal lung injury has been confirmed in a study showing a significant increase of MDA and H 2 O 2 plasma levels ( p < 0.005) in preterms with RDS (mean GA 31.2 ± 3.2 weeks) in comparison with healthy controls ( 36 ). Recently, Elkabany et al ( 37 ) demonstrated that serum birth levels of MDA, AOPPs, and 8-OHdG were significantly higher ( p = 0.031, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) in newborns with RDS than controls, with a further increase after 3 days ( p < 0.001).…”

Oxidative Stress and Respiratory Diseases in Preterm Newborns

“…Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), formerly known as hyaline membrane disease, is a disease of premature infants characterized by structural immaturity of peripheral airways and surfactant deficiency [18]. Male infants are more significantly affected by RDS than girls [24]. Male predisposition appears to be due to the inhibitory effect of androgens on lung maturation and surfactant production [25].…”

“…Dizdar et al demonstrated that in children with RDS, the increase in oxidant status against antioxidant mechanisms is associated in a proportional manner with greater severity and mortality [28]. Extremely premature and very low birth weight infants are more susceptible to rapid formation of free radicals, and therefore to RDS [24]. ROS lead to an increase in the permeability of the endothelium, resulting in the passage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the alveolar lumen and the release of cytokines, free radicals, and toxic nitrogen derivatives (RNS) that amplify the inflammatory process [18,29].…”