Oxidative Stress and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract

Objective: Oxidative stress is assumed to be the underlying feature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To our knowledge, the mutual involvement of redox status homeostasis parameters [i.e., advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative-stress index (OSI)] and cardiometabolic biomarkers in subjects with NAFLD has not been examined yet. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate this potential relationship.Patients and Methods: A total of 122 subjects with NAFLD were compared with 56 participants without NAFLD. The diagnosis of NAFLD was confirmed by abdominal ultrasound. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. OSI, Castelli’s Risk Index I (CRI-I) and Castelli’s Risk Index II (CRI-II) were calculated. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were used to test the associations between oxidative stress and cardiometabolic markers, respectively and NAFLD. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to explore its mutual effect on NAFLD status.Results: Significant positive associations of CRI-I, CRI-II, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and AOPP with NAFLD were found. PCA analysis extracted 3 significant factors: Oxidative stress-cardiometabolic related factor (i.e., triglycerides, AOPP, HDL-c and HbA1c)-explained 36% of variance; Pro-oxidants related factor (i.e., TOS and PAB)-explained 17% of variance; and Antioxidants related factor (i.e., TAS)-explained 15% of variance of the tested parameters. Moreover, binary logistic regression analysis revealed significant predictive ability of Oxidative stress-cardiometabolic related factor (p<0.001) and Pro-oxidants related factor (p<0.05) towards NAFLD status.Conclusion: In addition to oxidative stress (i.e., determined by higher AOPP levels), dyslipidemia (i.e., determined by higher lipid indexes: CRI-I and CRI-II) and inflammation (determined by higher hsCRP) are independently related to NAFLD status. The mutual involvement of pro-oxidants (i.e., TOS and PAB), or the joint involvement of pro-oxidants (i.e., AOPP) and cardiometabolic parameters (i.e., HbA1c, triglycerides and HDL-c) can differentiate subjects with NAFLD from those individuals without this metabolic disorder. New studies are needed to validate our results in order to find the best therapeutic approach for NAFLD.

Women on the move are healthy women - Correlation between physical activity and health indicators

“…From the measurements of blood lipids, Castelli indices 1 and 2 were calculated. 5 The Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to determine whether the distribution between the variables was normal, when non-normality was verified, the data were presented in medians and quartiles. To verify the association between the amount of energy daily used in physical activities performed by women (3DPAR) and the other variables (Age, BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins) the Friedman test was used.…”

“…We can exemplify this from anthropometric tests (such as Body Mass Index -BMI), blood pressure measurements, and even blood tests to check blood lipids and cholesterol-carrying lipoproteins. 4,5 Once diagnosed, the patient will need treatment that may involve the use of one or more drugs and other lifestyle changes (usually exercise and diet).…”

Micro-ribonucleic acid modulation with oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus – a review article

“…leptin resistance, which deprives leptin of its protective effects, and insulin resistance develops in these patients. Klisic et al [26,27], trying to connect oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia in patients with T2D with fatty liver disease, concluded that only a multimarker approach, including mentioned biomarkers, could be beneficial in predicting the risk of developing this serious comorbidity. The significant relationship between increased xanthine oxidase activity and uric acid concentration with albuminuria progression in T2D patients undoubtedly links oxidative stress exacerbation with kidney disease as a chronic diabetes complication [28].…”

Principal component analysis of the oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia influence in patients with different levels of glucoregulation

“…In addition, in an attempt to better explain the complex pathophysiological processes and to find the best predictors of cardiometabolic disorders some recent reports included a variety of biomarkers that reflect different signaling pathways of the mentioned disorders. In line with this, we have recently shown that a statistical approach that included principal component analysis (PCA) of various biomarkers, rather than each biomarker alone, can be a better determinant of some metabolic disorders (15)(16)(17). However, to our knowledge, there are no studies that applied PCA including different oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiometabolic biomarkers in populations with prediabetes and overt diabetes.…”