Principal component analysis of the oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia influence in patients with different levels of glucoregulation

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the mutual relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic biomarkers in subjects with prediabetes (PRE), newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients (NT2D) and overt type 2 diabetes (T2D) using principal component analysis (PCA) as a thorough statistical approach.
 Patients and Methods: Glycated hemoglobin, lipid parameters, inflammation (IL-6, CRP and fibrinogen) and oxidative stress markers [pro-oxidants (AOPP, PAB, TOS) and antioxidants (PON1, tSHG, TAS)] were measured. PCA was applied to explore the factors most strongly influencing glucoregulation.
 Results: A total of 278 subjects were enrolled: 37 PRE, 42 NT2D and 99 T2D, who were compared with 100 healthy subjects as a control group (CG). PCA emphasized 4 different factors explaining 49% of the variance of the tested parameters: Oxidative stress-Dyslipidemia related factor (with positive loading of TG and tSHG, and with negative loading of HDL-c and TAS), Dyslipidemia related factor (i.e., total cholesterol and LDL-c, both with positive loading), Anthropometric related factor (i.e., waist and hip circumference, both with positive loading) and Oxidative stress-Inflammation related factor (i.e., PAB, fibrinogen, and CRP, all with positive loading). Out of these 4 factors, only Oxidative stress – Dyslipidemia related factor showed a significant predictive capability towards poor glucoregulation. An increase in this factor by one unit showed a 1.6 times higher probability for poor glucoregulation.
 Conclusion: Redox disbalance (determined with lower TAS and higher tSHG), in addition to higher TG and lower HDL-c were associated with poor glucoregulation.

Oxidative stress and metabolic biomarkers in patients with Psoriasis

“…Firstly, we have included age, gender and BMI matched case–control design in an attempt to eliminate potential confounding factors given the fact that age, gender and obesity influence oxidative stress and metabolic markers [26] [28] . Secondly, we have applied PCA as a comprehensive statistical approach [26] [30] to find the best cluster of biomarkers that reflect the disease severity since multimarker approach can better reflect the stratification of cardiometabolic risk [29] [31] . However, a crosssectional design of the current study does not enable us to confirm the causality between psoriasis severity and oxidative stress.…”

Metabolic Alteration Bridging the Prediabetic State and Colorectal Cancer

“…Inflammation and oxidative stress are crucial phenomena in the pathogenesis of prediabetes and, to date, the association between impaired glucose homeostasis and inflammation has been widely described [25,26]. Increased systemic inflammation assessed by upregulated inflammatory protein levels, such as resistin, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and the hepatic marker C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR), has been reported in prediabetic patients [27,28].…”

Different doses of recombinant FSH and determining parameters of oxidative stress

“…Oxidative stress (OS) happens because of the imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. The problem occurs when there is an increase in the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or decrease of antioxidant defense [2] [3] . Fluids that are influenced by oxidative stress are: tubal, follicular and peritoneal [4] [5] .…”