Oxidative Stress and Its Implications in the Right Ventricular Remodeling Secondary to Pulmonary Hypertension

Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pulmonary vascular disease characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressures. Long standing pulmonary arterial pressure overload leads to right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, RV failure, and death. RV failure is a major determinant of survival in PH. Oxidative stress has been associated with the development of RV failure secondary to PH. Here we summarize the structural and functional changes in the RV in response to sustained pulmonary arterial pressure overload. Furthermore, we review the pre-clinical and clinical studies highlighting the association of oxidative stress with pulmonary vasculature and RV remodeling in chronic PH. Targeting oxidative stress promises to be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RV failure.

Dan-Shen-Yin Granules Prevent Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension via STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF and FAK/AKT Signaling Pathways

“…The pathological mechanism of HPH is very complicated. Consistent with network analysis, previous studies have demonstrated that the development of pulmonary hypertension is highly related to oxidative stress ( Mikhael et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Türck et al, 2020 ). Our preliminary experiments show that DSY has no effect on PH induced by monocrotaline (results are not shown), but is effective for HPH.…”

RETRACTED: The role of ATG-7 contributes to pulmonary hypertension by impacting vascular remodeling

“…Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a vascular disease that is characterized by increased pressure in pulmonary arteries. It is well known that long standing pressure overload leads to right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, RV failure, and even death [1,2]. Then treatments for PH mainly reduce pulmonary vascular resistance by promoting the balance between vasoconstriction and vasodilation.…”

Oxidative Stress, Kinase Activation, and Inflammatory Pathways Involved in Effects on Smooth Muscle Cells During Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Under Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure

“…However, when alveolar hypoxia is maintained, the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction mechanism is exacerbated and can trigger vascular remodeling ( León-Velarde et al, 2010 ; Tan et al, 2017 ) and, subsequently, pulmonary hypertension, or HAPH ( Penaloza et al, 1964 ; Xu and Jing, 2009 ; León-Velarde et al, 2010 ). As mentioned above, pulmonary hypertension is a disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling leading to a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance; however, when this pathology is maintained, the afterload on the right ventricle is increased, and right ventricular hypertrophy occurs, ultimately resulting in right heart failure and death ( Mikhael et al, 2019 ).…”