Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in aluminium neurotoxicity and its amelioration: A review

Kumar, Vijay; Gill, Kiran Dip

doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2014.02.004

Cited by 188 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…Because sucralfate is an aluminum salt of sucrose sulfate, the typical dosing regimen of 1 gram every 6 hours provides approximately 828 mg of elemental aluminum (Al) daily; however less than 0.02% is systemically absorbed [3]. This intake contributes to the recommended daily intake of 0.12 mg aluminum/kg/day and aluminum toxicity has been previously reported as a known side effect of sucralfate administration [2].…”

Section: Abstract Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aluminum toxicity is defined as an aluminum blood concentration greater than 60 ng/mL. Neurologic abnormalities, including encephalopathy, confusion, and seizures, are the primary presenting symptoms [3]. Aluminum toxicity with sucralfate has been primarily described as a chronic toxicity in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) due to multiple sources of aluminum combined with the inability to properly excrete aluminum [1].…”

Section: Abstract Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Aluminum Toxicity from Combination Therapy Sucralfate and Citric Acid in a Cardiac Surgery Patient

Newsome¹

2018

BJSTR

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Section: Abstract Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abstract Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Aluminum Toxicity from Combination Therapy Sucralfate and Citric Acid in a Cardiac Surgery Patient

Newsome¹

2018

BJSTR

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“…The absorption of Al depends on several factors such as the pH level, the presence of organic acids (citrate, lactate), etc [2,6].…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminium Exposure Through the Diet

Paz¹

2017

FSN

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Aluminium (Al) is the third most common element in the Earth's crust [1] and is naturally present in the environment. Al is a versatile metal with several properties and has a wide range of uses. Al is used in different alloys with other metals such copper, zinc or magnesium [2].The concentrations of this metal in food and drink have been increasing over time due to the acidification of the soils that transfers the aluminium from the soil to the aquatic environment [3] and anthropogenic activities such as mining (bauxite extraction), aluminium industries, and others [2]. Diet is the main exposure route to metals [4]. Aluminium is found in different drinks and foods such as drinking water, where it is added as a flocculant (aluminium sulphate, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ), processed foods, where it is used as an additive and as a result of the packaging used and even in fresh foods such as vegetables and fruit because of the Al contained in the soils [5].In addition, aluminium utensils and tea consumption are also responsible for the increase of the Al in the diet [2]. Tea leaves have been reported to have higher Al levels because tea plants are grown in acidic soils [5].Al is present in an ionic form as Al 3+. The absorption of Al depends on several factors such as the pH level, the presence of organic acids (citrate, lactate), etc [2,6].The oral bioavailability of Al, which is the amount that can be absorbed, in drinking water is around 0.3%, while this is approximately 0.1% in food and drinks [7]. Al absorption increases as the pH level decreases.Aluminium is a toxic metal that does not have a function in the human and animal organism [8]. The toxicity of Al depends on the exposure route and the solubility of the aluminium compounds [9]. Aluminium tends to accumulate in the body, in tissues such as the brain, bones, kidney and liver. Long-term exposure to low Al levels leads to toxic effects [10].Based on information provided by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the exposure of the European population to Al is 28.6-214 µg/kg body weight per day [11].Because of the abovementioned reasons, different institutions have established maximum limit intake levels for aluminium. The EFSA has established a Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) of 1 mg Al per kg of bodyweight [7]. The FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, has evaluated the Al bioavailability and concluded by setting a Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) of 2 mg/kg of bodyweight/week [12], and this value is twice that the established by EFSA.Since Al is a toxic metal found in foods and beverages, the data previously obtained by our research group and others have been compiled to compare the levels of aluminium content in different types of food and drinks to study the toxic risk from the diet, and to compare the levels found over time to estimate the general variations in Al content. Data Collection MethodThe present study was conducted from March 2017 to May 2017. The review of the scientific papers was performed with online databases such as the Web of...

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“…Diğer organlar ile karşılaştırıldı-ğında Al'un beyine geçişi daha yavaştır ancak beyine geçtiğinde beyinde bütün bölgelere dağılmak-tadır. 13 Günlük yaşamımızda sürekli maruz kaldığı-mız Al'un immün sistem üzerine etkisi tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte, genel görüş immün fonksiyonu etkilediği yönündedir.…”

Section: Alümi̇nyum Toksi̇si̇tesi̇nde Hedef Organlarunclassified

Aluminum Toxicity and its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Review

Sipahi¹,

Palabıyık²,

Balci³

et al. 2015

Turkiye Klinikleri J Neur

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6Alüminyum Toksisitesi ve Nörodejeneratif Hastalıklardaki Rolü Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Günlük yaşamımızda çok yaygın kullanılan alüminyum (Al), oksijen ve silikondan sonra yeryüzünde en fazla bulunan üçüncü elementtir. Endüstride paketleme, inşaat, elektrik aletleri ve içecek kutuları gibi birçok farklı ürünün yapımında kullanılan Al bileşikleri gıda katkı maddesi olarak da kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye'de de Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı tarafından "Türk Gıda Kodeksi Gıda Katkı Maddeleri Yönetmeliği" ekinde gıda katkı maddesi olarak kullanımına izin verilen miktarlar belirtilmiştir. Al gıdalara özellikle ilave edildiği durumlar dışında, kontaminasyon olarak da bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca gıdaların paketlenmesinde Al folyo kullanılması, gıdaların yüksek ısıda Al folyoda pişirilmesi de gıdaların Al içeriğini arttırmaktadır. Ancak gıda zincirindeki Al miktarı, antiasitler ve analjezikler gibi ilaçlarda kullanılan miktarıyla kıyaslandığında oldukça azdır. Al toksisitesi çoğunlukla kronik renal hasarı olan hastalarda veya iş yerinde Al'a maruz kalanlarda gö-rülmektedir. Akciğer, kemik ve santral sinir sistemi ana hedef organlardır. Alzheimer hastalığı, Parkinson hastalığı, Huntington hastalığı, Amyotrofik lateral skleroz, spinal muskuler atrofi gibi dünyada milyonlarca insanı etkileyen ve henüz kesin bir çözüm bulunamayan nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda beyin nöronlarının oksidatif strese oldukça duyarlı olduğu ve bunun Al toksisitesiyle indüklenebi-leceği düşünülmektedir. Deney hayvanlarında yapılan çalışmalar Al'un nörotoksik olduğunu, kanbeyin bariyerinin geçirgenliğini arttırdığını ve beyinde pek çok önemli enzimi inhibe ettiğini göstermiştir. Demansın belirgin olarak gözlenmediği diyaliz hastalarında da kan Al konsantrasyonları oldukça yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca Al başta olmak üzere bazı toksik metaller düzeylerinde otistik çocuklarda sağlıklı çocuklara göre artış gözlenmiştir. Bu derlemenin amacı, yaygın kullanım alanına sahip Al'un nörodejeneratif hastalıklardaki rolünü değerlendirmektir.

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Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in aluminium neurotoxicity and its amelioration: A review

Cited by 188 publications

References 189 publications

Acute Aluminum Toxicity from Combination Therapy Sucralfate and Citric Acid in a Cardiac Surgery Patient

Acute Aluminum Toxicity from Combination Therapy Sucralfate and Citric Acid in a Cardiac Surgery Patient

Aluminium Exposure Through the Diet

Aluminum Toxicity and its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Review

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