Oxidative stress as a possible pathogenic cofactor of post-menopausal osteoporosis

Abstract

Post-menopausal osteoporosis (PO) is one of the major health issues associated with menopause-related oestrogen withdrawal. Despite the intense research and the relevant progress achieved in the last two decades, the pathogenic mechanism underlying PO is still poorly understood. As a consequence of this gap in the knowledge, such disorder and the related complications are still difficult to be effectively prevented. A wealth of experimental and epidemiological/clinical evidence suggests that the endocrine change associated to menopausal transition might lead to a derangement of redox homeostasis, that is, the prelude to the health-threaten condition of oxidative stress (OxS). In turn, this (bio)chemical stress has been widely hypothesized to contribute, most likely in synergy with inflammation, to the development of menopause-related diseases, including PO. The main aim of this review is to discuss the current literature evidence on the association between post-menopausal oestrogen withdrawal, OxS and PO. It is also aimed to provide a critical overview of the most significant epidemiological studies on the effects of dietary antioxidants on bone health and to devise a strategy to overcome the limitations emerged and controversial results.

17α-Estradiol prevents ovariectomy-mediated obesity and bone loss

“…ERα knockout female mice are known to display increased fat pad masses and adipocyte size ( Heine et al, 2000 ), and we previously demonstrated that ERα is required for fat loss by 17α-E2 in intact male mice ( Mann et al, 2020 ). This suggests that 17α-E2 may beneficially modulate adiposity in OVX females through ERα-mediated mechanisms, which could potentially be related to estrogenic upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and suppression of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production ( Borras et al, 2010 ; Bonaccorsi et al, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2014 ). Although we did not directly evaluate oxidative stress or systemic metabolic parameters in this study, we surmise that longer term studies including a battery of mitochondrial assessments and/or metabolic-related outcomes would prove fruitful in determining if 17α-E2 can mitigate OVX-related metabolic declines similarly to the observed adiposity reductions.…”

Osteoprotective Activity and Metabolite Fingerprint via UPLC/MS and GC/MS of Lepidium sativum in Ovariectomized Rats

“…These data are in accordance with many previous studies that reported the anti-oxidant activity of L. sativum [ 19 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. There is ample evidence linking oxidative stress to the development of post-menopausal osteoporosis [ 34 , 35 ]. Bone resorption has been shown to occur due to the disturbance in mineral tissue homeostasis resulting from increased reactive oxygen species (ROSs) [ 36 ].…”

Menaquinone-7 Supplementation Improves Osteogenesis in Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…MK-7 supplementation increased gap closure and increased proliferation compared to osteogenic medium alone. It is widely accepted that oxidative stress accelerates the rate of bone loss and is one of the risk and pathogenic factors in osteoporosis (Sánchez-Rodríguez et al, 2007 ; Manolagas and Parfitt, 2010 ; Bonaccorsi et al, 2018 ). Our group has previously noted increases in production of ROS species to be associated with ectopic vascular calcification in vitro (Furmanik et al, 2020 ).…”