Oxidative Stress in Malaria

Percário, Sandro; Moreira, Danilo Reymão; Gomes, Bruno Alexandre Quadros; Ferreira, Michelli Erica Souza; Gonçalves, Ana C.; Laurindo, Paula S. O. C.; Vilhena, Thyago C.; Dolabela, Maria Fâni; Green, Michael D.

doi:10.3390/ijms131216346

Cited by 276 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 141 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…The antimalarial mechanism of a herbal medicine is suggested through the inhibition of parasite growth or by indirectly kill the parasites [19]. In the CMC group, death was found gradually from the D7 to D20 after infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the antimalarial mechanism of a herbal medicine is through the inhibition of parasites growth or by indirectly kill the parasites. As cited in Percário et al, 2012, "unlike the typical mechanism of antimalarial drugs, which is through the induction of oxidative stress, antimalarial substances from natural sources act by modulating the immune system which will kill the parasites indirectly" [19]. Therefore, the antiparasite ingredients of herbal medicines act by minimizing the change in the host's redox equilibrium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combination of Sambiloto (Andrographis Paniculata (BURM.F.) Nees) Extract and Spirulina (Arthrospira Platensis Gomont) to Prevent Anemia in Mice Infected With Plasmodium Berghei Anka

Kusmardi

Elya

Wahyuni

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: Anemia in acute malaria occurs because there is massive lysis of erythrocytes as a result of an increase in parasitemia or use of drugs that may induce hemolysis. In this research, it was tested the effect of administration of a combination of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) extract and spirulina (Arthrospira platensis Gomont). This combination is aimed to obtain antiparasite activity of sambiloto and increasing of hemoglobin (Hb) from spirulina. Methods:This research was conducted with a completely randomized design using 75 mice of Swiss Webster strain. Test groups were consisted of AP, AP+ES, AP+PS, carboxymethyl cellulose, and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. All mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei on the day 0. The test material extracts were given 3 days before infection (H-3) and every day for 28 days after infection. Parasitemia data were taken on day 3, 7, 10, 15, 21, and 28, while the data for erythrocyte count and Hb level were taken on day 3, 10, and 21. Data processing was conducted using one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc test.Results: This study showed that combination of sambiloto extract and spirulina powder (AP+PS) gave a significant difference result in suppressing the percentage of parasitemia (p=0.02), increasing the erythrocyte count (p=0.03), and Hb level (p=0.01) at the 15 th day, compared to the group given only sambiloto (AP). Conclusion:Combination of spirulina powder and sambiloto extract will decrease parasitemia and increase the number of erythrocyte and Hb in mice that infected by P. berghei.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Sambiloto (Andrographis Paniculata (BURM.F.) Nees) Extract and Spirulina (Arthrospira Platensis Gomont) to Prevent Anemia in Mice Infected With Plasmodium Berghei Anka

Kusmardi

Elya

Wahyuni

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…47 The efficacy of antioxidants is usually associated with their ability to inhibit oxidative damage by scavenging free radicals. 48 DPPH is a very useful reagent for investigating free radical scavenging ability of compounds. B. ocymoides extract demonstrated good antioxidant activity by reducing the purple colored DPPH radical solution to yellow colored diphenylhydrazine due to the presence of hydrogen-donating antioxidants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimalarial and Antioxidant Potentials of Extract and Fractions of Aerial part of Borreria ocymoides DC (Rubiaceae).

Adesegun¹,

Orabueze²,

Coker³

2017

Phcog J

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Introduction: Borreria ocymoides (Burm F) DC is a weak, erect and decumbent herb that has several folkloric, ethno medicinal uses and is included in antimalarial preparations by some traditional healers. It is also used in treatment of ring worm, eczema and microbial infections. Objectives: To evaluate antimalarial activity of extract and fractions of Borreria ocymoides in Plasmodium berghei infected mice and to investigate their antioxidant activity using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazile (DPPH). Methods: The methanol extract of aerial part of B. ocymoides and the solvent fractions obtained from partition between organic solvents were assessed for antimalarial activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected mice using the suppressive and curative test procedures. Chloroquine (10 mg/ml) was used as positive control. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging ability and determination of total phenolic content. Results: The crude extract (250 and 500 mg kg-1) produced a dose dependent anti-plasmodial activity in the suppressive and curative tests. The chemo suppression activity was best in the ethyl acetate fraction (87.31%) and in the order ethyl acetate >dichloromethane > hexane > aqueous fraction. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extract increased with concentration. The antioxidant activity was less than ascorbic acid used as positive control. Oral administration up to 5 g/kg produced no noticeable deleterious effect 24 hours after dosing and up to 7 days afterwards. Conclusion:The results indicated that the extract has a potent anti-plasmodial activity against Plasmodium berghei and the activity seems to reside in the mid-polar fractions. Thus, the plant is a potential source of new antimalarial agents.

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“…Prolonged hypoxia generates alternate oxidative phosphorylation product coupling in the mitochondria and depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stores as adenosine is metabolized into inosine and hypoxanthine. The depletion of ATP subsequently leads to cellular edema, increased osmotic pressure, and cellular decompartementilization 9,10 , which induces high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) to generate a danger signal through toll-like receptors 2 and 4 11 . This signal strongly promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines, which increase renal stress and stimulate resident macrophages that can destroy renal tissue 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong renal expression of heat shock protein 70, high mobility group box 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitrotyrosine in mice model of severe malaria

Fitri

Rosmarwati

Rizky

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:Renal damage is a consequence of severe malaria, and is generally caused by sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in the renal microcirculation, which leads to obstruction, hypoxia, and ischemia. This triggers high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) to send a danger signal through toll-like receptors 2 and 4. This signal up-regulates inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine to re-perfuse the tissue, and also increases heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression. As no study has examined the involvement of intracellular secondary molecules in this setting, the present study compared the renal expressions of HSP70, HMGB1, iNOS, and nitrotyrosine between mice suffered from severe malaria and normal mice. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were divided into an infected group (intraperitoneal injection of 10 6 P. berghei ANKA) and a noninfected group. Renal damage was evaluated using hematoxylin eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expressions of HSP70, HMGB1, iNOS, and nitrotyrosine. Results: Significant inter-group differences were observed in the renal expressions of HSP70, HMGB1, and iNOS (p=0.000, Mann-Whitney test), as well as nitrotyrosine (p=0.000, independent t test). The expressions of HSP70 and HMGB1 were strongly correlated (p=0.000, R=1.000). No correlations were observed between iNOS and HMGB, HMGB1 and nitrotyrosine, HSP70 and nitrotyrosine, or iNOS and nitrotyrosine. Conclusions: It appears that HMGB1, HSP70, iNOS, and nitrotyrosine play roles in the renal damage that is observed in mice with severe malaria. Only HSP70 expression is strongly correlated with the expression of HMGB1.

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Oxidative Stress in Malaria

Cited by 276 publications

References 141 publications

Combination of Sambiloto (Andrographis Paniculata (BURM.F.) Nees) Extract and Spirulina (Arthrospira Platensis Gomont) to Prevent Anemia in Mice Infected With Plasmodium Berghei Anka

Combination of Sambiloto (Andrographis Paniculata (BURM.F.) Nees) Extract and Spirulina (Arthrospira Platensis Gomont) to Prevent Anemia in Mice Infected With Plasmodium Berghei Anka

Antimalarial and Antioxidant Potentials of Extract and Fractions of Aerial part of Borreria ocymoides DC (Rubiaceae).

Strong renal expression of heat shock protein 70, high mobility group box 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitrotyrosine in mice model of severe malaria

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