Oxidative stress in prostate cancer patients: A systematic review of case control studies

Abstract

BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men in Western countries. In-vitro and in-vivo studies suggest that oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidants play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases including PCa, which is promoted by the production of reactive oxygen species and impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms. This study evaluates the association between OS and men with PCa.MethodsA literature search was carried out on Medline, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, as well as manual searches from inception up to August 2015 using the keywords “Oxidative stress” or “Reactive oxygen species” or “Lipid peroxidation” AND “Prostate cancer.” All studies including data on the measurement of OS biomarkers in PCa were included.ResultsTwenty-three case control studies were retrieved with sample sizes ranging from 15 to 3,613 (6,439 participants in total). Markers of OS were significantly higher in patients with PCa compared with control groups in 21 studies. Two self-controlled case studies comparing OS between PCa cells and non-PCa cells in tissue biopsies found OS to be statistically higher in PCa cancer cells. Results on markers of antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, uric acid, lutein, lycopene, beta carotein, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and total antioxidants) were not completely consistent in their association with PCa.ConclusionsUpregulated OS profiles and impairment of antioxidant defense systems may play a role in men with PCa. To confirm these findings, robust clinical trials utilizing a personalized approach which monitors both OS and antioxidant markers during therapy are warranted.

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“…These results agree with many others studies [6, 8, 48] and confirmed that this oxidant-antioxidant imbalance may be one of the major factors responsible for PC development and progression in humans. A recent review with twenty three case-control studies focusing on the role of oxidative stress in PC patients also demonstrated increased oxidative stress profiles and impairment of antioxidant defense systems in PC patients, concluding that oxidative biomarkers MDA and 8OH-dg as well as antioxidant parameters SOD, CAT, GSH enzyme family, and vitamins C and E may be potentially predictive biomarkers of PC [49]. …”

The Role of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer Risk and Prognosis: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Literature

“…To our knowledge, no other systematic reviews on biomarkers of oxidative stress and cancer have been conducted, with the exception of one study focused on prostate cancer. 39 The PubMed interface of the electronic database Medline was searched systematically for all articles published in peerreviewed journals through August 2015. The search was updated in February 2016.…”

Green Tea Catechins for Prostate Cancer Prevention: Present Achievements and Future Challenges

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