Oxidative stress–inducing effects of various urban PM2.5 road dust on human lung epithelial cells among 10 Chinese megacities

Sun, Jian; Yu, Jinjin; Shen, Zhenxing; Niu, Xinyi; Wang, Diwei; Wang, Xin; Xu, Hongmei; Chuang, Hsiao-Chi; Cao, Junji; Ho, Kin-Fai

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112680

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Environmental pollutants such as urban dust have been shown to induce varying levels of oxidative stress on the lung epithelium [ 21 ]. Thus, in this study, a linear concentration range of UD to determine its ability to induce oxidative stress in Calu-3 cells in submerged culture ( Figure 1 A) was investigated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Abilities of an Inhaled DPI Formulation Based on Sodium Hyaluronate against Environmental Hazards Targeting the Upper Respiratory Tract

Almazi

Silva²,

Trotta³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

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The exposure of lung epithelium to environmental hazards is linked to several chronic respiratory diseases. We assessed the ability of an inhaled dry powder (DPI) medical device product (PolmonYDEFENCE/DYFESATM, SOFAR SpA, Trezzano Rosa, Italy), using a formulation of sodium hyaluronate (Na-Hya) as the key ingredient as a defensive barrier to protect the upper respiratory tract. Specifically, it was evaluated if the presence of the barrier formed by sodium hyaluronate present on the cells, reducing direct contact of the urban dust (UD) with the surface of cells can protect them in an indirect manner by the inflammatory and oxidative process started in the presence of the UD. Cytotoxicity and the protection capability against the oxidative stress of the product were tested in vitro using Calu-3 cells exposure to UD as a trigger for oxidative stress. Inflammation and wound healing were assessed using an air-liquid interface (ALI) culture model of the Calu-3 cells. Deposition studies of the formulation were conducted using a modified Anderson cascade impactor (ACI) and the monodose PillHaler® dry powder inhaler (DPI) device, Na-Hya was detected and quantified using high-performance-liquid-chromatography (HPLC). Solubilised PolmonYDEFENCE/DYFESATM gives protection against oxidative stress in Calu-3 cells in the short term (2 h) without any cytotoxic effects. ALI culture experiments, testing the barrier-forming (non-solubilised) capabilities of PolmonYDEFENCE/DYFESATM, showed that the barrier layer reduced inflammation triggered by UD and the time for wound closure compared to Na-Hya alone. Deposition experiments using the ACI and the PillHaler® DPI device showed that the majority of the product was deposited in the upper part of the respiratory tract. Finally, the protective effect of the product was efficacious for up to 24 h without affecting mucus production. We demonstrated the potential of PolmonYDEFENCE/DYFESATM as a preventative barrier against UD, which may aid in protecting the upper respiratory tract against environmental hazards and help with chronic respiratory diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Abilities of an Inhaled DPI Formulation Based on Sodium Hyaluronate against Environmental Hazards Targeting the Upper Respiratory Tract

Almazi

Silva²,

Trotta³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

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“…Up to 180% increased ROS production was observed in human corneal epithelial cells after 24 h exposure to RD from residential areas of the city of Gangdong-Gu, Korea [ 59 ]. Re-aerosolised RD 2.5 from 10 Chinese cities displayed correlation between cellular ROS production and heavy metal concentrations (Cr, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb) [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RD is, of course, a heterogenous mixture, and other components (not measured here) such as the organic fraction (e.g., carbonaceous compounds, PAHs) are also known to be cytotoxic [ 19 ], induce ROS generation [ 55 ], and alter inflammatory responses [ 86 ]. It is improbable, however, that (semi-)volatile compounds are responsible for the cellular responses observed here since most of these would have been lost in the particle extraction procedure (filtration in ethanol and evaporation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since they are the first cells to encounter inhaled particulates, human lung epithelial cells have been used to model in vitro toxicity of air pollution, including RD particles, brake wear particles, tyre wear debris, and exhaust emissions, e.g., [ 14 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Cytotoxicity studies investigating RD using human cell lines are sparse [ 18 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ] ( Supplementary Table S1 ); with the majority of studies examining the effects of particles ≤2.5 µm. Exposing liver (HepG2) and skin (KERTr) cell lines to 66.7µg/100µL RD from Guangzhou, China decreased cell viability after 72 h; by 53.9% and 71.4%, respectively [ 54 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Urban Ultrafine Road-Deposited Dust from the UK and Mexico in Human Epithelial Lung (Calu-3) Cells

et al. 2022

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Road-deposited dust (RD) is a pervasive form of particulate pollution identified (typically via epidemiological or mathematical modelling) as hazardous to human health. Finer RD particle sizes, the most abundant (by number, not mass), may pose greater risk as they can access all major organs. Here, the first in vitro exposure of human lung epithelial (Calu-3) cells to 0–300 µg/mL of the ultrafine (<220 nm) fraction of road dust (UF-RDPs) from three contrasting cities (Lancaster and Birmingham, UK, and Mexico City, Mexico) resulted in differential oxidative, cytotoxic, and inflammatory responses. Except for Cd, Na, and Pb, analysed metals were most abundant in Mexico City UF-RDPs, which were most cytotoxic. Birmingham UF-RDPs provoked greatest ROS release (only at 300 µg/mL) and greatest increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Lancaster UF-RDPs increased cell viability. All three UF-RDP samples stimulated ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Mass-based PM limits seem inappropriate given the location-specific PM compositions and health impacts evidenced here. A combination of new, biologically relevant metrics and localised regulations appears critical to mitigating the global pandemic of health impacts of particulate air pollution and road-deposited dust.

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“…Another study conducted by Faraji et al [12] found similar results in which the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with dust storm samples decreased the cell viability significantly with the increase in dust concentrations. The induced cytotoxicity on A549 cells by the dust is because of its composition particularly the heavy metals (e.g., Pb and Cr) and airborne microbes and the mechanisms involved are enhanced production of cellular oxidative stress levels, DNA damage, production of inflammatory cytokines and mutagenicity [52][53][54].…”

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Bioaerosols and Metal Contaminants in Car Cabin Filters Dust of Lahore, Pakistan

Hazrat¹,

Safdar²,

Habib³

et al. 2023

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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A higher concentration of airborne micro-organisms and toxic trace metals in the air is a potential risk for human and environmental health. Suspended dust and microbes in the air are the main inducers of respiratory symptoms. This study aimed to estimate and characterize the microflora and heavy metal contaminants in the car cabin filters (CAFs) dust of Lahore, Pakistan. Moreover, toxicological characterization of the dust was done using relevant cell culture of Human Lung Alveolar Epithelial Cells A-549 through MTT assay. Culturable bacteria and fungi populations were quantified using the standard spread plate method and heavy metals lead, chromium, and cadmium concentrations were checked through atomic absorption spectroscopy. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of the isolated bacterial species. The mean concentration of culturable bacteria and fungi was 4X10 6 and 5X10 5 CFU/g of dust respectively.

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Oxidative stress–inducing effects of various urban PM2.5 road dust on human lung epithelial cells among 10 Chinese megacities

Cited by 24 publications

References 80 publications

Protective Abilities of an Inhaled DPI Formulation Based on Sodium Hyaluronate against Environmental Hazards Targeting the Upper Respiratory Tract

Protective Abilities of an Inhaled DPI Formulation Based on Sodium Hyaluronate against Environmental Hazards Targeting the Upper Respiratory Tract

Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Urban Ultrafine Road-Deposited Dust from the UK and Mexico in Human Epithelial Lung (Calu-3) Cells

Assessment of Bioaerosols and Metal Contaminants in Car Cabin Filters Dust of Lahore, Pakistan

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