Oxidative Stress Resistance in
            <i>Porphyromonas Gingivalis</i>

Henry, Leroy G.; McKenzie, Rachelle M E; Robles, A.; Fletcher, Hansel M.

doi:10.2217/fmb.12.17

Cited by 60 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…Because the stress response in the pathogen is a major determinant of its virulence, a comprehensive understanding of its oxidative stress resistance strategy is vital [6]. …”

Section: Porphyromonas Gingivalismentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyromonas gingivalis: Major Periodontopathic Pathogen Overview

Myšák

Podzimek

Sommerova

et al. 2014

Journal of Immunology Research

443

330

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative oral anaerobe that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and is a member of more than 500 bacterial species that live in the oral cavity. This anaerobic bacterium is a natural member of the oral microbiome, yet it can become highly destructive (termed pathobiont) and proliferate to high cell numbers in periodontal lesions: this is attributed to its arsenal of specialized virulence factors. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of one of the main periodontal pathogens—Porphyromonas gingivalis. This bacterium, along with Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia, constitute the “red complex,” a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis. This review outlines Porphyromonas gingivalis structure, its metabolism, its ability to colonize the epithelial cells, and its influence upon the host immunity.

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“…Because the stress response in the pathogen is a major determinant of its virulence, a comprehensive understanding of its oxidative stress resistance strategy is vital [6]. …”

Section: Porphyromonas Gingivalismentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyromonas gingivalis: Major Periodontopathic Pathogen Overview

Myšák

Podzimek

Sommerova

et al. 2014

Journal of Immunology Research

443

330

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition, during periods of mechanical disruption of dental plaque, anaerobes associated with periodontal disease may be exposed to oxygen. Although periodontal disease-associated anaerobes lack or express low levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase to detoxify ROS compared to aerobes or facultative anaerobes (24)(25)(26), production of H 2 S can serve as a means to reduce the overall oxygen tension in the local environment to enhance survival during periods of oxidative stress. Indeed, in this study, we showed that the reducing property of H 2 S sustained the viability of F. nucleatum under aerobic conditions for a prolonged duration.…”

Section: Fig 3 Effects Of H 2 S On Intracellular Sulfide Levels and Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Glutathione Mediates Resistance to H ₂ S Toxicity in Oral Streptococci

Ooi

Tan

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Periodontal disease is associated with changes in the composition of the oral microflora, where health-associated oral streptococci decrease while Gram-negative anaerobes predominate in disease. A key feature of periodontal disease-associated anaerobes is their ability to produce hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) abundantly as a by-product of anaerobic metabolism. So far, H 2 S has been reported to be either cytoprotective or cytotoxic by modulating bacterial antioxidant defense systems. Although oral anaerobes produce large amounts of H 2 S, the potential effects of H 2 S on oral streptococci are currently unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of H 2 S on the survival and biofilm formation of oral streptococci. The growth and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus oralis were inhibited by H 2 S. However, H 2 S did not significantly affect the growth of Streptococcus gordonii or Streptococcus sanguinis. The differential susceptibility of oral streptococci to H 2 S was attributed to differences in the intracellular concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH). In the absence of GSH, H 2 S elicited its toxicity through an iron-dependent mechanism. Collectively, our results showed that H 2 S exerts antimicrobial effects on certain oral streptococci, potentially contributing to the decrease in health-associated plaque microflora.

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“…Earlier reports have documented an inducible protective system in response to oxidative stress (3,6). A transcriptome examination revealed that P. gingivalis is able to prioritize the response by first protecting and repairing its genetic material and then subsequently repairing any damaged proteins (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of PG2212 Zinc Finger Protein in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress Resistance in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83

et al. 2014

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dThe adaptation of Porphyromonas gingivalis to H 2 O 2 -induced stress while inducible is modulated by an unknown OxyR-independent mechanism. Previously, we reported that the PG_2212 gene was highly upregulated in P. gingivalis under conditions of prolonged oxidative stress. Because this gene may have regulatory properties, its function in response to H 2 O 2 was further characterized. PG2212, annotated as a hypothetical protein of unknown function, is a 10.3-kDa protein with a cysteine 2-histidine 2 (Cys 2 His 2 ) zinc finger domain. The isogenic mutant P. gingivalis FLL366 (⌬PG_2212) showed increased sensitivity to H 2 O 2 and decreased gingipain activity compared to the parent strain. Transcriptome analysis of P. gingivalis FLL366 revealed that approximately 11% of the genome displayed altered expression (130 downregulated genes and 120 upregulated genes) in response to prolonged H 2 O 2 -induced stress. The majority of the modulated genes were hypothetical or of unknown function, although some are known to participate in oxidative stress resistance. The promoter region of several of the most highly modulated genes contained conserved motifs. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, the purified rPG2212 protein did not bind its own promoter region but bound a similar region in several of the genes modulated in the PG_2212-deficient mutant. A metabolome analysis revealed that PG2212 can regulate a number of genes coding for proteins involved in metabolic pathways critical for its survival under the conditions of oxidative stress. Collectively, our data suggest that PG2212 is a transcriptional regulator that plays an important role in oxidative stress resistance and virulence regulation in P. gingivalis.

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Oxidative Stress Resistance in Porphyromonas Gingivalis

Cited by 60 publications

References 97 publications

Porphyromonas gingivalis: Major Periodontopathic Pathogen Overview

Porphyromonas gingivalis: Major Periodontopathic Pathogen Overview

Reduced Glutathione Mediates Resistance to H ₂ S Toxicity in Oral Streptococci

Involvement of PG2212 Zinc Finger Protein in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress Resistance in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83

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Oxidative Stress Resistance in Porphyromonas Gingivalis

Cited by 60 publications

References 97 publications

Porphyromonas gingivalis: Major Periodontopathic Pathogen Overview

Porphyromonas gingivalis: Major Periodontopathic Pathogen Overview

Reduced Glutathione Mediates Resistance to H 2 S Toxicity in Oral Streptococci

Involvement of PG2212 Zinc Finger Protein in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress Resistance in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83

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Reduced Glutathione Mediates Resistance to H ₂ S Toxicity in Oral Streptococci