Oxidative stress status in elite athletes engaged in different sport disciplines

Abstract

Exercise training may increase production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species in different ways. The training type and intensity may influence free radicals production, which leads to differences in oxidative stress status between athletes, but the results of the previous studies are incosistent. The aim of our study was to estimate oxidative stress status in elite athletes engaged in different sport disciplines. The study included 39 male highly skilled professional competitors with international experience (2 Olympic players): 12 wrestlers, 14 soccer players and 13 basketball players in whom we determined the levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as markers of oxidative stress and the total antioxidative capacity (ImAnOX) using commercially available assay kits. The mean AOPP concentration was not significantly different between soccer players, wrestler and basketball players (60.0 ± 23.0 vs. 68.5 ± 30.8 and 80.72 ± 29.1 μmol/L respectively). Mean ImAnOX concentration was not different between soccer players (344.8 ± 35.6 μmol/L), wrestlers (342.5 ± 36.2 μmol/L) and basketball players (347.95 ± 31.3 μmol/L). Mean MDA concentration was significantly higher in basketball players (1912.1 ± 667.7 ng/mL) compared to soccer players (1060.1 ± 391.0 ng/mL, p=0.003). In spite of this fact, oxidative stress markers levels were increased compared to referral values provided by the manufacturer. Type of sports (soccer, wrestler or basketball) have no impact on the levels of oxidative stress markers. Elite sports engagement is a potent stimulus of oxidative stress that leads to the large recruitment of antioxidative defense. Oxidative stress status monitoring followed by appropriate use of antioxidants is recommended as a part of training regime.

Effect of Exhausting Exercise on Oxidative Stress in Health, Hemodialysis and Professional Sport

“…The highest NTBI concentration in dialysis patient group is the consequence of the extremely high ferritin concentration levels (not shown) in this group and is at least partly the effect of iron supplementation provided to the patients routinely receiving ferric saccharate. Similar constellation of oxidative enzymes and NTBI were already described by us and others and indicate adaptation to chronic oxidative stress in end-stage renal diseases [6,13,17,18]. The values of Se, a constitutional part of GPx, are significantly lower in patients as compared to untrained individuals and rowers and are in accordance with so far published results in patients with end stage kidney disease [21].…”

“…There is good evidence indicating that uremia in general is associated with enhanced oxidative stress, and the treatment of uremic patients with hemodialysis has been suggested as particularly contributing to oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant levels in these patients [4,5]. On the other "extreme" end, elite sports engagement is also a potentially strong stimulus of oxidative stress that leads to the large recruitment of antioxidative defense [6].…”

The inverted CD4:CD8 ratio is associated with gender-related changes in oxidative stress during aging

“…Results were calculated by the standard curve as the equivalent of chloramine and are shown as lmol/L. Few studies have standardized this variable, and normal range in adults aged 18-60 years varied from 98.5 ± 38.6 [33] to 82.9 ± 26.7 [34] and 74.6 ± 29.1 for young adults [35].…”

Comparison of the antioxidative action of the two N-acetylcystein containing products: Propomucil® and Fluimucil® in a group of smokers who have seasonal coughing problems

“…Similar thing can be found with athletes, who are constantly challenged by increased physical activity from generating free radicals. Athletes develop physiological adaptation mechanisms of antioxidant protection that keep free radicals at a low level [13]. For now, young and healthy smokers well tolerate permanent oxidative stress caused by tobacco smoke, but it's just a matter when the protective mechanisms became ineffective.…”