Oxidonitrergic and antioxidant effects of a low molecular weight peptide fraction from hardened bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) on endothelium

Abstract

About 3000 tons of beans are not used in human food due to hardening. Several studies on bean-derived bioactive peptides have shown potential to treat some diseases, including those relying on oxidative dysfunctions. We assessed the effects of peptides extracted from hardened bean Phaseolus vulgaris (PV) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects in endothelial cells, and oxidonitrergic-dependent vasodilating effects. Extract was composed by peptide fraction <3 kDa (PV3) from hardened common bean residue. PV3 sequences were obtained and analyzed with bioinformatics. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with 10, 20, 30, and 250 µg/mL PV3. Oxidative stress was provoked by 3% H 2 O 2 . Cytotoxicity and cytoprotective effects were evaluated by MTT assay, whereas, ROS and NO were quantified using DHE and DAF-FM fluorescent probes by confocal microscopy. NO- and endothelium-dependent vasodilating effects of PV3 were assessed in isolated aortic rings. We found 35 peptides with an average mass of 1.14 kDa. There were no cell deaths with 10 and 20 μg/mL PV3. PV3 at 30 μg/mL increased cell viability, while cytotoxicity was observed only with 250 μg/mL PV3. PV3 at 10 μg/mL was able to protect cells from oxidative stress. PV3 also increased NO release without causing cell death. It also reduced relative ROS production induced by H 2 O 2 . PV3 vasodilating effects relied on endothelium-dependent NO release. PV3 obtained from low-commercial-value bean displays little cytotoxicity and exerts antioxidant effects, whereas it increases endothelial NO release.

Effect of extrusion and autoclaving on the biological potential of proteins and naturally-occurring peptides from common beans: Antioxidant and vasorelaxant properties

“…Common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) are leguminous widely consumed all over the world due to their high nutritional quality. In addition to the active components, common beans also present naturally-occurring and encrypted peptides with varied biological activities ( Alves et al, 2021 ; Graziani, et al, 2021 ; Manzoor et al, 2022 , Valencia-Mejía et al, 2019 ). However, there is no sufficient information about the effect of postharvest hardening on the antioxidant and vasorelaxant properties, chelating potential, and antihypertensive and antidiabetic activities.…”

“…It is known that the nutritional quality of proteins from common beans can be affected depending on the postharvest conditions, being observed that storage in temperatures higher than 35 °C and moisture above 60% leads to the development of the hardening phenomenon, commonly known as hard-to-cook (HTC) effect ( Batista and Fernandes, 2016 , Siqueira et al, 2016 ). It is estimated that 3 million tons of beans per year are no longer used in human nutrition due to the hardening ( Graziani, et al, 2021 ). Considering the current global scenario of increasing world population and reduction availability of new food sources, it is mandatory to find alternatives to reinclude these grains in human nutrition.…”

Behavioral effects of a low molecular weight peptide fraction from Phaseolus vulgaris in rats

“…In a previous study, we showed that a low molecular weight peptide fraction (<3kDa) from HTC Phaseolus vulgaris (PV3), the common bean, displays antioxidant effects in endothelial cells. Furthermore, the PV3, obtained from a product of low commercial value, was able to induce nitric oxide (NO) release and vasorelaxation without causing cell death and was capable of protecting endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress death ( 4 ). These effects suggested that PV3 might act as an antioxidant in vivo .…”

“…Therefore, the separation of small molecules, as performed to obtain PV3, can increase the chances of penetrating cell membranes and reaching the brain areas controlling behavior. PV3 peptides with an average mass of 1.14 kDa ( 4 ) reached the cytoplasm of enterocytes and were found in the bloodstream following oral administration ( 6 ). In addition, sequencing and computational techniques allowed verifying psychopharmacological activities for PV3 compounds ( 4 ).…”

“…PV3 peptides with an average mass of 1.14 kDa ( 4 ) reached the cytoplasm of enterocytes and were found in the bloodstream following oral administration ( 6 ). In addition, sequencing and computational techniques allowed verifying psychopharmacological activities for PV3 compounds ( 4 ). In light of these findings, it is plausible to hypothesize that this low-molecular-weight protein fraction from hardened Phaseolus vulgaris would reach the central nervous system and modulate behaviors such as those related to anxiety and depression.…”