Oxycellulose: Significant characteristics in relation to its pharmaceutical and medical applications

Abstract

As a biomaterial, cellulose can be converted into a wide range of derivatives with desired properties for a variety of medical, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications. The oxidation of cellulose yields oxidized cellulose (OC, oxycellulose, 6-carboxycellulose). OC represents an important class of biocompatible and bioresorbable polymers. In vivo bioabsorption of OC occurs via chemical depolymerization and enzymatic hydrolysis. Despite the fact OC is well established as a hemostatic agent and is widely used in a clinical practice, it still attracts a great interest and its new applications, especially pharmaceutical, are investigated. The present review is focused on characterization of OC's physical and chemical properties. Its synthesis and mechanisms involved in its in vivo and in vitro biodegradation are discussed. Medical and biomedical applications of OC are summarized, and especially its hemostatic, enterosorbent, and wound-healing properties are described. In addition to these applications, OC could be used as a pharmaceutical excipient in solid (e.g.

Potential applications of natural origin polymer-based systems in soft tissue regeneration

“…silk fibroin, collagen) with the formation of sponges for cartilage tissue engineering (Pulkkinen et al, 2006), and as scaffolds in clinical settings for wound repair (Hart et al, 2002;Jeschke et al, 2005;Cullen et al, 2002) (see Table 4). Oxidized regenerated cellulose and its blends have been applied as a wound dressing, this is because oxidized cellulose has proved be an effective hemostat and also has antibacterial activity (Martina et al, 2009). For instance, in the presence of chronic wound exudates, ORC/collagen forms a soft, conformable, and biodegradable gel that physically binds and inactivates the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), stabilizing their levels and contributing to a positive effect on the wound healing process, since a high level of MMPs in chronic wounds may lead to the degradation of important proteins and inactivate growth factors (Hart et al, 2002;Cullen et al, 2002).…”

Influence of Different Pretreatments on the Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan Functionalized Viscose Fabric: TEMPO Oxidation and Coating with TEMPO Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibrils

“…Carboxylic and aldehyde groups can be introduced into cellulose by numerous chemical modifications [15]. Oxidation, the only process that renders cellulose bioabsorbable in humans, is the most widely used, but usually leads to deterioration of the mechanical properties of the cellulose substrate [16,17,18,19]. In recent years, the N-oxyl radical-mediated oxidation using, for example, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radical (TEMPO) was found to be the most promising reaction for efficient conversion of primary hydroxyl groups to carboxylates via aldehydes or as a pretreatment step in nanocelulose production [18].…”

One-step preparation of 2,3,6-tricarboxy cellulose

“…Oxycelluloses have been produced from rayon fiber nits by soaking in a N 2 O 4 -containing chloroform solution. They are used as hemostatic fabrics in medical fields (Martina, Kateřina, Miloslava, Jan, & Ruta, 2009). Some C6-primary hydroxyls are converted to C6-carboxyls during N 2 O 4 oxidation although side reactions are inevitable (Yackel & Kenyon, 1942;Nevell, 1951).…”