Oxygen boost diffusion for the deep-case hardening of titanium alloys

Dong, Hanshan; Li, Xiaoying

doi:10.1016/s0921-5093(99)00697-8

Cited by 171 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Recently, the oxide layer on Ti and/or the oxygendissolved and hardened layer of Ti prepared by thermal oxidation have been utilized for improving corrosion and wear resistance [35][36][37]. Browne and Gregson [38] showed that the air oxidation treatment at 673 K for 2.7 ks for Ti-6Al-4V implants reduced metal ion dissolution into bovine serum, particularly in the early stages.…”

Section: Tio 2 Layers On Ti and Ti Alloys For Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Photocatalytic Activity of the TiO2 Layer Formed on Ti by Thermal Oxidation

Narushima

Sado

Kondo

et al. 2015

Interface Oral Health Science 2014

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Two-step thermal oxidation was proposed for Ti and Ti alloys as a surface-treatment process for preparing an anatase-containing TiO 2 layer. This process consisted of treatment in a CO-containing atmosphere (first step) and subsequent treatment in air (second step). In this chapter, first, the current status of TiO 2 coating onto Ti and Ti alloys for biomedical applications is reviewed; then our recent work on the phase and microstructure of TiO 2 layers prepared on commercially pure (CP) Ti, Ti-25mass%Mo alloy, and Ti-25mass%Nb alloy by two-step thermal oxidation is described. The anatase fraction in the TiO 2 layer was controlled through process parameters such as the second-step temperature. Finally, photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 layers formed on the Ti and Ti alloys is evaluated, including: results of water contact angle, decomposition of methylene blue, and antibacterial effects.

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Section: Tio 2 Layers On Ti and Ti Alloys For Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Photocatalytic Activity of the TiO2 Layer Formed on Ti by Thermal Oxidation

Narushima

Sado

Kondo

et al. 2015

Interface Oral Health Science 2014

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“…4,19) For such applications, the desired surface hardening can be achieved by optimizing both conditions for surface hardening treatment and subsequent post heat treatment.…”

Section: Effect Of Post Heat Treatment On Surface Hardeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, compared to other metallic materials, titanium materials are known to have poor wear resistance, which is attributed to their inherent physical and chemical properties. [1][2][3][4] In addition, they have a strong tendency to seize because of their thermal properties such as low thermal conductivity and low volumetric specific heat. 5) Therefore, improvement of wear-resistant property in titanium materials is essentially needed, when they are used for sliding and rotating parts in machinery, automobiles, or medical implants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Post heat treatment under vacuum is a potential technique for achieving extra solid solution hardening of oxygen supplied by the dissociation and simultaneous removal of the titanium oxide layer. Dong and Li 4) reported the formation of a surface hardening layer with a depth of 300 mm after post heat treatment under vacuum at 1123 K, for which the solute oxygen was supplied from the titanium oxide layer formed by air oxidation. However, they did not discuss the removal of the titanium oxide layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Hardening Treatment for Titanium Materials Using Ar-5%CO Gas in Combination with Post Heat Treatment under Vacuum

et al. 2009

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Surface hardening using solute oxygen formed by the dissociation of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) layer on commercially pure (C.P.) titanium, þ type Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Fe-2Mo (SP-700) alloy, and type Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al (Ti-15-53) alloy was investigated. This method consists of two steps: surface hardening using Ar-5%CO gas for a short time period and subsequent heat treatment under vacuum. Both treatments were carried out at 1073 K. The maximum surface hardness and hardening layer depth for C.P. titanium obtained by surface hardening in Ar-5%CO gas for 1.8 ks were 420 Hv and 30 mm, respectively. After post heat treatment for 14.4 ks, these values increased to 820 Hv and 70 mm, respectively. The increase of surface hardening achieved by post heat treatment was yielded by solid solution hardening of oxygen via the following steps. Solute oxygen was continuously formed at the oxide layer/titanium interface by the dissociation of the oxide layer formed during surface hardening treatment. Oxygen then diffused into titanium matrix, which resulted in solid solution hardening. The highest and lowest values of the maximum surface hardness were obtained in C.P. titanium and Ti-15-53 alloy, respectively. On the other hand, the hardening layer depth was largest for Ti-15-53 alloy and smallest for C.P. titanium. These results can be explained by the differences in solubility and diffusivity of oxygen between the titanium phase and phase. This two-step process appears to be a beneficial industrial surface hardening method for titanium materials because it enables the removal of the oxide layer while yielding surface hardness comparable to that obtained by the one-step process under the same total heat-treating time.

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“…It has been established that thermal oxidation produces a layered structure comprising an oxide layer on the surface and a hardened oxygen diffusion zone on the subsurface of titanium [7]. The oxide layer may be characterised by low wear rates [9], while the oxygen diffusion zone may be beneficial in enhancing the load-bearing capacity, lubrication ability, and abrasive wear resistance of titanium [10,11]. According to the authors of paper [12], the use of the thermal oxidation technique enables substantial improvement of the poor tribological properties of titanium and its alloys, which in turn enables the reduction of abrasive wear by 4 to 6 times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic of Oxide Layers Obtained on Titanium in the Process of Thermal Oxidation

Aniołek¹,

Kupka²,

Barylski³

et al. 2016

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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Thermal oxidation in air may be one method to improve the properties of titanium and its alloys through its influence on the structure and properties of the material’s surface layer. This paper presents a description of oxide layers obtained on the surface of Grade 2 titanium as a result of oxidation at temperatures of 600 and 700°C. On the basis of kinetic curves, it was found that the intensity of oxide layer growth increased with oxidation temperature. Studies of the surface morphology of oxide layers showed that the size of the formed oxide particles was greater following oxidation at 600°C. The obtained layers were subjected to X-ray phase analysis and microhardness measurements. Irrespective of oxidation temperature, the scale consisted of TiO2 oxide in the crystallographic form of rutile and of Ti3O oxide. The hardness of oxide layers amounted to around 1265 HV and was more than 4 times higher compared to the material in i ts initial state.

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Oxygen boost diffusion for the deep-case hardening of titanium alloys

Cited by 171 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of Photocatalytic Activity of the TiO2 Layer Formed on Ti by Thermal Oxidation

Evaluation of Photocatalytic Activity of the TiO2 Layer Formed on Ti by Thermal Oxidation

Surface Hardening Treatment for Titanium Materials Using Ar-5%CO Gas in Combination with Post Heat Treatment under Vacuum

Characteristic of Oxide Layers Obtained on Titanium in the Process of Thermal Oxidation

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