Oxygen‐Generating Gel Systems Induced by Visible Light

Abstract

Toward complete artificial photosynthesis systems to generate hydrogen and oxygen using visible light and water, oxygen‐generating gel systems are designed and fabricated using the electrostatic interactions of ionic functional groups and steric effects of a polymer network. By using a graft polymer chain with Ru(bpy)32+ units as sensitizers to closely arrange RuO2 nanoparticles as catalyst, the functional groups transmit multiple electrons cooperatively to generate oxygen. In this paper, a novel strategy is shown to design a hierarchical network structure using colloidal nanoparticles and macromonomers. Such a soft material to oxidize water inside a hydrogel is useful as a solar‐energy converting system.

Ruthenium Nanoparticles for Catalytic Water Splitting

“…To photocatalytically test Ru‐containing NPs in the OER, systems based on [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) as a photosensitizer (PS) and S 2 O 8 2− as a sacrificial electron acceptor (SEA) have been most commonly employed . However, the use of semiconducting materials as light harvesters has also been reported .…”

Poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) Decorated With One Room‐Temperature Red‐Emitting Ruthenium(II) Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal and Optical Properties

“…The incorporation of metal‐containing units into polymeric scaffolds enables novel functions, based on the metal complex intrinsic properties. In particular, ruthenium complexes possess interesting electrochemical and optical characteristics,1 with potential applications in energy conversion schemes2–5 or sensor materials 6. In addition, well‐established synthetic routes exist to the desired ligands and the respective Ru II complexes 7.…”

“…In addition, well‐established synthetic routes exist to the desired ligands and the respective Ru II complexes 7. Hence, bpy (bpy is 2,2′‐bipyridine) and tpy (tpy is 2,2′‐6′;2″‐terpyridine) have served as prototypical ligands in the construction of ruthenium metallopolymers,8–13 and side‐chain modified polymers,5, 13–19 whereas their use as initiating or capping agents is less explored. Noteworthy, the latter approach offers the unique possibility to introduce exactly one terminal moiety into the polymer.…”

Polymeric Design for Electron Transfer in Photoinduced Hydrogen Generation through a Coil–Globule Transition

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] In particular,p olymers that show coil-globule transitions with cyclic hydrophobic/hydrophilic changes,s uch as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) with ap hase-transition temperature (PTT) of about 30 8 8C, have been widely utilized in this regard. [9,10] Ap olymer network having the photosensitive Ru(bpy) 3 unit provides ah igh overall efficiency of 13 %f or H 2 generation using visible-light energy. Thus,w eu sed poly(NIPAAm-co-Ru(bpy) 3 )t od evelop photoinduced H 2 / O 2 -generating gels that act like chroloplasts.…”