Oxygen Isotope Profiles through the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets

Johnsen, S. J.; Dansgaard, W.; Clausen, Henrik; Langway, Chester C.

doi:10.1038/235429a0

Cited by 567 publications

(288 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…1), several relatively low-resolution (centennial) climate records covering most of the late glacial period have been published. Deep ice cores have been recovered at Byrd [21], Dome C [22] (50 km from the EPICA Dome C site), Vostok [23], Dome B [24] and Taylor Dome [25]. Higher resolution was achieved in the recently published Dome F record which has decadal resolution over this period [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A late-glacial high-resolution site and source temperature record derived from the EPICA Dome C isotope records (East Antarctica)

Stenni¹,

Jouzel²,

Masson‐Delmotte³

et al. 2004

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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The timing and synchronisation of Greenland and Antarctic climate events that occurred during the last glacial period are still under debate, as is the magnitude of temperature change associated with these events. Here we present detailed records of local and moisture-source temperature changes spanning the period 27^45 kyr BP from water stable isotope measurements (ND and N 18 O) in the recently drilled EPICA Dome C ice core, East Antarctic plateau. Using a simple isotopic model, site (vT site ) and source (vT source ) temperatures are extracted from the initial 50-yr highresolution isotopic records, taking into account the changes in seawater isotopic composition. The deuterium isotope variability is very similar to the less precise ND record from the Vostok ice core, and the site temperature inversion leads to a temperature profile similar to the classical palaeothermometry method, due to compensations between source and ocean water corrections. The reconstructed vT site and vT source profiles show different trends during the glacial: the former shows a decreasing trend from the warm A1 event (38 kyr BP) toward the Last Glacial Maximum, while the latter shows increasing values from 41 to 28 kyr BP. The low-frequency deuterium excess fluctuations are strongly influenced by obliquity fluctuations, controlling the low-to high-latitude temperature gradients, and show a remarkable similarity with a high-resolution southeast Atlantic sea surface temperature record. A comparison of the temperature profiles (site and source) and temperature gradient (vT source -vT site ) with the non-sea-salt calcium and sodium records suggests a secondary influence of atmospheric transport changes on aerosol variations. ß

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A late-glacial high-resolution site and source temperature record derived from the EPICA Dome C isotope records (East Antarctica)

Stenni¹,

Jouzel²,

Masson‐Delmotte³

et al. 2004

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…Most of these records are Holocene in age and postdate the primary melting phase of the LIS during Termination I. As a result, these are likely to yield estimates of LIS d 18 O that are more positive than LGM values, following the climate signal that is seen in Greenland when comparing Holocene ice (À26 to À36‰; Vinther et al, 2009) to LGM ice (À40 to À45‰; Buizert et al, 2014;Johnsen et al, 1972;Seierstad et al, 2014). The most direct measurements of LIS remnants, from ice on the Barnes Ice Cap, yield d 18 O values of À21 to À40‰ (Hooke and Clausen, 1982) at a high-latitude site (70 N) on Baffin Island proximal to a marine isotopic source (Andrews et al, 2002).…”

Section: Lis Melting Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen isotope geochemistry of Laurentide ice-sheet meltwater across Termination I

Vetter

Spero

Eggins

et al. 2017

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tWe present a new method that quantifies the oxygen isotope geochemistry of Laurentide ice-sheet (LIS) meltwater across the last deglaciation, and reconstruct decadal-scale variations in the d 18 O of LIS meltwater entering the Gulf of Mexico between~18 and 11 ka. We employ a technique that combines laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) and oxygen isotope analyses on individual shells of the planktic values of Mississippi River discharge from discrete core intervals range from À22‰ to À38‰ VSMOW. These values suggest a dynamic melting history of different parts of the LIS, with potential contributions to Mississippi River outflow from both the low-elevation, southern margin of the LIS and high-elevation, high-latitude domes in the LIS interior that were transported to the ablation zone. Prior to~15.5 ka, the d 18 O water value of the Mississippi River was similar to that of regional precipitation or low-latitude LIS meltwater, but the Ba concentration in the Mississippi basin was affected by changes in weathering within the watershed, complicating Ba-salinity relationships in the Gulf of Mexico. After 13 ka, our data suggest Mississippi River outflow did not influence surface salinity above our Gulf of Mexico Orca Basin core site. Rather, we hypothesize that open ocean conditions prevailed as sea level rose and the paleoshoreline at the southern edge of North America retreated northward.

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“…Byrd station indicates a temperature minimum before the deglaciation which is not seen in the Vostok record, they share major temperature events allowing a reasonable synchronization. We have matched the Byrd N 18 O record [22] to the Vostok ND record [23] by linear interpolation between match points chosen at prominent spots (match points are shown in Fig. 2).…”

Section: Observed V Vage and Cod At Vostokmentioning

confidence: 99%

What was the surface temperature in central Antarctica during the last glacial maximum?

Blunier

Schwander

Chappellaz

et al. 2004

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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The temperature increase at Vostok (Antarctica) from the last glacial maximum to the present warm period is about 8 ‡C based on the deuterium isotope profile. The bore hole temperature (temperature profile in the ice sheet) indicates that the temperature difference may have been much larger, about 15 ‡C. The temperature dependent gas occlusion process is the key to evaluate the two scenarios. Atmospheric air penetrates the porous firn layer of the ice sheet and gets trapped at the firn ice boundary. Consequently the air is younger than the surrounding ice when it gets enclosed in bubbles. This age difference (vage) between ice and enclosed gas is temperature and accumulation rate dependent. Therefore it is possible to estimate paleotemperatures from a known vage. We use the linkage between chronologies of CH 4 and water isotopes from Byrd station and Vostok to obtain an experimental vage for Vostok. This experimental vage is then compared to modeled vage for the two temperature scenarios. Our results indicate that the temperature reconstruction deduced from the water isotopic composition is the more probable one. ß

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Oxygen Isotope Profiles through the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets

Cited by 567 publications

References 19 publications

A late-glacial high-resolution site and source temperature record derived from the EPICA Dome C isotope records (East Antarctica)

A late-glacial high-resolution site and source temperature record derived from the EPICA Dome C isotope records (East Antarctica)

Oxygen isotope geochemistry of Laurentide ice-sheet meltwater across Termination I

What was the surface temperature in central Antarctica during the last glacial maximum?

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