Oxygen nonstoichiometry of spinel LiMn2O4 − δ

Effects of Metal Ion Sources on Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Spinel LiMn2O4 Using Tartaric Acid Gel Process

“…The capacity (21). The result in Table 1 also shows the same trend although this result shows average oxidation state of Mn less than 0.35.…”

Grain size control of LiMn2O4 cathode material using microwave synthesis method

“…One is due to ''thermodynamic restriction'' or the decomposition of spinel LiMn 2 O 4 accompanying the reduction reaction from Mn(IV) to Mn(III) because of high temperature. It was known that LiMn 2 O 4 decomposes at high temperature or under low oxygen pressure due to the reduction reaction and forms LiMnO 2 [11]. The other is due to ''kinetic restriction'' or the disproportionate dispersion of reagents.…”

Electrical transport properties in LiMn2O4, Li0.95Mn2O4, and LiMn1.95B0.05O4 (B=Al or Ga) around room temperature

“…After grounding, the calcined powder was pressed into pellets, and finally sintered in air at 850°C for one day. 1,6,7,[20][21][22] The powder diffraction at room temperature using a Cu K␣ x-ray indicates a single phase of a cubic spinel structure in every specimen. The lattice constant of LiMn 2 O 4 at room temperature is 8.2382 Å which agrees with the previous result.…”

“…In particular, the spinel LiMn 2 O 4 has several advantages such as low cost and low toxicity so that many intensive investigations have been carried out. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] At ambient temperature, the crystal structure of LiMn 2 O 4 belongs to the Fd3m space group of a cubic system. 12 The structural phase transformation from Fd3m ͑c/aϭ1, i.e., cubic͒ to I4 1 /amd ͑c/aϭ1.011, i.e., tetrago-nal͒ occurs at T t below room temperature.…”