“…When the charge-carrier transport through the membrane interior dominates, [37,38] the ambipolar conductivity of the composites at 1000 and 950 8C (Figure 4b)c an been determined based on the equation: 2 are the oxygen partial pressuresa tf eed and sweep side, respectively, L is the membrane thickness in cm, F is Faraday's constant, T is temperature in K, and J(O 2 )i s the O 2 permeation expressed in mol s À1 cm À2 .A sc an be seen in Figure 4b, s amb increases with CTOc ontent, confirming that ionic conductivity is limiting the O 2 permeation for CTO-NFO composites. When the charge-carrier transport through the membrane interior dominates, [37,38] the ambipolar conductivity of the composites at 1000 and 950 8C (Figure 4b)c an been determined based on the equation: 2 are the oxygen partial pressuresa tf eed and sweep side, respectively, L is the membrane thickness in cm, F is Faraday's constant, T is temperature in K, and J(O 2 )i s the O 2 permeation expressed in mol s À1 cm À2 .A sc an be seen in Figure 4b, s amb increases with CTOc ontent, confirming that ionic conductivity is limiting the O 2 permeation for CTO-NFO composites.…”