Oxygen saturation-dependent effects on blood transverse relaxation at low fields

Abstract

Objective Blood oxygenation can be measured using magnetic resonance using the paramagnetic effect of deoxy-haemoglobin, which decreases the $$\textit{T}_{2}$$ T 2 relaxation time of blood. This $$\textit{T}_{2}$$ T 2 contrast has been well characterised at the $$\textit{B}_{{0}}$$ B 0 fields used in MRI (1.5 T and above). However, few studies have characterised this effect at lower magnetic fields. Here, the feasibility of blood oximetry at low field based on $$\textit{T}_{2}$$ T 2 changes that are within a physiological relevant range is explored. This study could be used for specifying requirements for construction of a monitoring device based on low field permanent magnet systems. Methods A continuous flow circuit was used to control parameters such as oxygen saturation and temperature in a sample of blood. It flowed through a variable field magnet, where CPMG experiments were performed to measure its $$\textit{T}_{2}$$ T 2 . In addition, the oxygen saturation was monitored by an optical sensor for comparison with the $$\textit{T}_{2}$$ T 2 changes. Results These results show that at low $$\textit{B}_{{0}}$$ B 0 fields, the change in blood $$\textit{T}_{2}$$ T 2 due to oxygenation is small, but still detectable. The data measured at low fields are also in agreement with theoretical models for the oxy-deoxy $$\textit{T}_{2}$$ T 2 effect. Conclusion $$\textit{T}_{2}$$ T 2 changes in blood due to oxygenation were observed at fields as low as 0.1 T. These results suggest that low field NMR relaxometry devices around 0.3 T could be designed to detect changes in blood oxygenation.

Quantitative measurement of mammographic density in breast‐tissue explants using portable NMR: Precision and accuracy

“…In addition to breast imaging, the utility of pNMR and MRI for the measurement of compositional, structural, and functional characteristics of biological tissues has been demonstrated in a range of other prospective applications including the nervous system, 38–41 skin, 42–46 cardiovascular and respiratory system, 47–49 musculoskeletal system, 50–56 and other internal organs 57–60 . These studies have covered the measurements both in vitro 41,50,52–54,56 and in vivo in test animals 38,51,58 and in humans 42,44,61 .…”