“…It has been widely used or proposed for a wide range of applications, such as in oxygen sensors, an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells, ceramic cutters, orthopedic implants and nuclear waste immobilization [1][2][3][4]. Cubic ZrO 2 is isostructural with urania, plutonia, and thoria nuclear fuel compounds, and it is also one of the most radiation resistant ceramics, which makes ZrO 2 a model system for studying the irradiation response of ceramic oxides in extreme radiation environments [5][6][7][8][9].…”