Oxygen tension-independent protection against hypoxic cell killing in rat liver by low sodium

Abstract

The role of Na+ in hypoxic injury was evaluated by a time-course analysis of damage in isolated livers perfused with N2-saturated buffer containing standard (143 mM) or low (25 mM) Na+ levels. Trypan blue uptake was used to detect non-viable cells. Under hypoxia with standard-Na+, trypan blue uptake began at the border between pericentral areas and periportal regions and increased in the latter zone; using a low-Na+ buffer, no trypan blue zonation occurred but a homogenous distribution of dye was found associated with sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) staining. A decrease in hyaluronic acid (HA) uptake, index of SEC damage, was observed using a low-Na+ buffer. A time dependent injury was confirmed by an increase in LDH and TBARS levels with standard-Na+ buffer. Using low-Na+ buffer, SEC susceptibility appears elevated under hypoxia and hepatocytes was protected, in an oxygen independent manner.

Autofluorescence‐based optical biopsy: An effective diagnostic tool in hepatology

“…The addition of trypan blue to the perfusion medium has been successfully used in a time‐course analysis of hypoxic injury in isolated rat livers. In vivo trypan blue labelling, assessed by subsequent histology, has shown a zonation of damage in livers submitted to hypoxia and a protective effect by low Na + perfusion medium …”

“…Given the vastness of optical diagnostic's potential, our report will be restricted almost exclusively to native biomolecules, with a brief mention of applications based on exogenous dyes . We will also exclude the many recombinant proteins with fluorescence properties, encoded by genetic engineering to track gene expression and cells, over which criticisms as regards their in vivo biomarker value have been recently reported .…”

“…Given the vastness of optical diagnostic's potential, our report will be restricted almost exclusively to native biomolecules, with a brief mention of applications based on exogenous dyes. [10][11][12][13][14] We will also exclude the many recombinant proteins with fluorescence properties, encoded by genetic engineering to track gene expression and cells, over which criticisms as regards their in vivo biomarker value have been recently reported. 15 A further and unavoidable limitation relates to the literature cited, restricted to historical reports on the first observations and initial phases of AF-based research, some intermediate works, and more recent activity that demonstrates the increasing importance given to optical biopsy applications in hepatology ( Figure 1).…”

Serum and Hepatic Autofluorescence as a Real-Time Diagnostic Tool for Early Cholestasis Assessment

“…The hepatic proteins were measured according to Lowry’s method, using bovine serum albumin as the standard [ 47 ]. The levels of liver lipid peroxidation in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined as previously described [ 36 , 48 ]. The liver tissue ATP was measured by the luminescence method using the ATP-lite luciferin/luciferase kit (Perkin Elmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA).…”

Impact of cell types and culture methods on the functionality of in vitro liver systems – A review of cell systems for hepatotoxicity assessment

“…As one of the circulating signals, oxygen plays an important role in modulating zonation along the liver sinusoid. Its partial pressure is about 60 to 65 mm Hg (84-91 mol/L) in the periportal blood and falls to about 30 to 35 mm Hg (42-49 mol/L) in the perivenous blood [100,101]. Research utilising liver spheroids has become progressively more interested in the physiological oxygen tension along the sinusoid, with increasing focus on trying to experimentally recapitulate oxygen profiles within 3D liver models.…”