Oxygen Therapy in Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Unraveling the Complex Interplay: COVID-19 and Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review

“…These findings underscore the critical role of cardiovascular comorbidities and cardiac injury in the prognosis of COVID-19 patients, emphasizing the need for early identification and management of these conditions to enhance clinical outcomes [1,28]. Further, the Philippine CORONA study highlighted that patients with COVID-19 and coronary artery disease or HF had significantly worse outcomes, including increased all-cause mortality, death from cardiac causes, respiratory failure, and prolonged hospitalization [29]. Even after adjusting for confounders, the presence of CAD/HF was associated with death from a cardiac cause with OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.49-3.3, and p < 0.01 [29].…”

“…Even after adjusting for confounders, the presence of CAD/HF was associated with death from a cardiac cause with OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.49-3.3, and p < 0.01 [29]. These findings underscore the bidirectional relationship between HF and COVID-19, where each condition can exacerbate the other [26][27][28][29]. The pandemic has also reduced HF hospitalizations, which has been linked to a subsequent increase in HF mortality, indicating that the secondary impacts of the pandemic on healthcare systems have also impacted HF management and outcomes [30].…”

“…Further, the Philippine CORONA study highlighted that patients with COVID-19 and coronary artery disease or HF had significantly worse outcomes, including increased all-cause mortality, death from cardiac causes, respiratory failure, and prolonged hospitalization [29]. Even after adjusting for confounders, the presence of CAD/HF was associated with death from a cardiac cause with OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.49-3.3, and p < 0.01 [29]. These findings underscore the bidirectional relationship between HF and COVID-19, where each condition can exacerbate the other [26][27][28][29].…”

Fetal Myocarditis Associated With Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection

“…1 SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause severe harm to different organs, including the heart. 3 Even though fetal infection rarely occurs, maternal COVID-19 infection can affect fetal physiology, and mild cardiac markers detected by fetal ultrasonography and echocardiography can occur 4 ; moreover, its role in the development of congenital heart diseases could also not be excluded. 2 Furthermore, cardiac involvement in children affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection has also been detected.…”

“…2 Furthermore, cardiac involvement in children affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection has also been detected. 5 Notably, myocardial involvement, including myocarditis, heart failure and arrhythmia in the acute phase of viral infection and in patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome, 3 has been described. The pathophysiologic mechanism of myocardial damage in SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been fully elucidated; an acute cardiac injury, an immunologic reaction, severe inflammatory processes and a myocardium dysfunction in predisposed individuals can be considered.…”