Oxygen uptake and circulation by a hemoglobinless antarctic fish (Chaenocephalus aceratus Lonnberg) compared with three red-blooded antartic fish

Holeton, George F.

doi:10.1016/0010-406x(70)90185-4

Cited by 168 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…An early observation of the nonessential role of Hb-O 2 transport in some vertebrates was made by Holeton (1971a), who reported that adult trout were able to survive exposure to 2% CO when maintained at cold temperatures (∼4ЊC). This observation evokes images of the hemoglobinless Antarctic icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus lonnberg.…”

Section: Disrupting Blood O 2 Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Is the Purpose of the Embryonic Heart Beat? or How Facts Can Ultimately Prevail over Physiological Dogma

Burggren

2004

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Embryonic physiology is often viewed as merely those processes understood for the adult but conducted on a smaller physical scale. Yet striking examples of the inaccuracy of this perspective can be identified in the embryonic cardiovascular system. For example, dogma holds that the embryonic heart begins to beat to pump blood for convective transport, just like that of the adult. This is the major assumption inherent in the hypothesis we have called "convective synchronotropy"; that is, the embryonic heart starts to beat synchronously with the need for convective blood flow. However, there is compelling evidence on many fronts that the convective flow of blood generated by the early embryonic vertebrate heart is simply not required for transport of oxygen, nutrients, metabolic wastes, or hormones, all of which can be achieved entirely by diffusion. In fact, fish, amphibian, and bird embryos lacking a functional heart (either through surgical intervention or mutation) or whose oxygenhemoglobin transport has been chemically eliminated nonetheless continue to function and grow in size for extended periods up to the point at which diffusion alone can no longer serve oxygen transport needs. We advocate the alternative hypothesis of "prosynchronotropy" (i.e., the heart starts to beat well before convective blood flow is needed for bulk transport). So, what is the purpose of the early embryonic heart beat? Evidence is presented herein in support of a morphogenic rationale for prosynchronotropy. Specifically, it appears that the initial rationale for the beat of the vertebrate embryonic heart may be two-fold: to aid in subtle but significant aspects of cardiac growth, shaping, and maturation, and to facilitate cardiac maturation angiogenesis-the formation of new vessels by sprouting from vessel tips. Ultimately, the embryonic cardio-*

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Section: Disrupting Blood O 2 Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species survives because it lives at environmental temperatures around Ϫ1ЊC. Producing a huge cardiac output with its large heart, this species depends on internal convection of O 2 dissolved in solution in the clear plasma (Holeton 1970).…”

Section: Disrupting Blood O 2 Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is the Purpose of the Embryonic Heart Beat? or How Facts Can Ultimately Prevail over Physiological Dogma

Burggren

2004

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…The main criticism has been that the studies done on McMurdo Sound fishes did not allow for sufficient acclimation to the respiratory chamber and thus did not reflect true routine metabolism. However in the studies of the metabolic rates of the antarctic notothenioids done by Holeton (1970), the rates were only 50 to 70% lower than those reported by others. The specimens had been held for long periods without food and perhaps were suffering from starvation.…”

Section: Metabolic Ratesmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…In recent studies, lower rates have been reported and the concept of cold adaptation questioned (Holeton, 1974;Clarke, 1980). The main criticism has been that the studies done on McMurdo Sound fishes did not allow for sufficient acclimation to the respiratory chamber and thus did not reflect true routine metabolism.…”

Section: Metabolic Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where rates of north polar fishes were compared with rates of south polar species, comparisons were made between species which were dissimilar with respect to ecotype, with the exception of the arctic cod, Boreogadus saida. The oxygen consumption rates for the arctic species varied between 20 and 40 mg O)kg/hr (Holeton, 1974). These species -cottids, liparids and zoarcids -are all sluggish, benthic dwellers.…”

Section: Metabolic Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiology and ecology of notothenioid fishes of the Ross Sea

DeVries

Eastman

1981

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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Pereiform fishes of the suborder Notothenioidei are the dominant fishes in the Ross Sea and in the Southern Ocean in general. They have evolved physiological adaptations which ensure their survival in ice-laden seawater at a temperature of -1.go C and extended their habitat range. Among these adaptations are relatively high metabolic rates made possible by enzymes efficient in catalyzing energyproducing reactions at subzero temperatures; a restricted range of temperature tolerance; slow growth rates in spite of relatively high metabolic rates; antifreeze glycoproteins which reduce the freezing point of body fluids below that of seawater and prevent ice crystal growth; aglomerular nephrons which preclude the loss of small molecular weight antifreeze molecules in the urine and mechanisms (especially skeletal reduction and lipid deposition) promoting neutral buoyancy in some species even though swim bladders are absent. Species with different buoyancies are associated with the pelagic, cryopelagic, benthopelagic and benthic habitats in the Ross Sea. Physiological specializations, including buoyancy adaptations in many body systems, and the absence of competition from other fishes allowed this presumably monophyletic group to radiate into several habitats in the Southern Ocean.

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Ultrasonography characterization of heart morphology and blood flow of lower vertebrates

Coucelo

Coucelo²,

Azevedo

1996

J. Exp. Zool.

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Oxygen uptake and circulation by a hemoglobinless antarctic fish (Chaenocephalus aceratus Lonnberg) compared with three red-blooded antartic fish

Cited by 168 publications

References 39 publications

What Is the Purpose of the Embryonic Heart Beat? or How Facts Can Ultimately Prevail over Physiological Dogma

What Is the Purpose of the Embryonic Heart Beat? or How Facts Can Ultimately Prevail over Physiological Dogma

Physiology and ecology of notothenioid fishes of the Ross Sea

Ultrasonography characterization of heart morphology and blood flow of lower vertebrates

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