Oxygenated Wound Dressings for Hypoxia Mitigation and Enhanced Wound Healing

Abstract

Oxygen is a critical factor that can regulate the wound healing processes such as skin cell proliferation, granulation, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. However, hypoxia, a common occurrence in the wound bed, can impede normal healing processes. To enhance wound healing, oxygenation strategies that could effectively increase wound oxygen levels are effective. The present review summarizes wound healing stages and the role of hypoxia in wound healing and overviews current strategies to incorporate various oxygen delivery or generating materials for wound dressing, including catalase, nanoenzyme, hemoglobin, calcium peroxide, or perfluorocarbon-based materials, in addition to photosynthetic bacteria and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Mechanism of action, oxygenation efficacy, and potential benefits and drawbacks of these dressings are also discussed. We conclude by highlighting the importance of design optimization in wound dressings to address the clinical needs to improve clinical outcomes.

Exosome-coated oxygen nanobubble-laden hydrogel augments intracellular delivery of exosomes for enhanced wound healing

“…Hemostasis plays a pivotal role in the initial phase of wound healing, serving as a critical step that establishes a temporary barrier to safeguard the underlying tissues against additional harm and potential infection 8 . Given the frequent occurrence of bleeding in both surgical wounds and traumatic injuries, advanced wound dressings should possess the ability to expedite the hemostasis process.…”

“…The main goals in managing wounds encompass expeditious wound closure and the attainment of a scar that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing 4 – 6 . However, anomalous wound healing can be triggered by the deviance of inflammation and hypoxia from their typical patterns during the normal healing process, thereby inducing delayed wound closure, keloid formation, and the development of hypertrophic scars 7 , 8 . Therefore, effective management of hypoxia and inflammation is of paramount importance in the development of next generation advanced wound dressings.…”

Chlorella‐Loaded Antibacterial Microneedles for Microacupuncture Oxygen Therapy of Diabetic Bacterial Infected Wounds

“…[21] Traditional oxygen generators, such as inorganic peroxides (CaO 2 , MgO 2 , and 2Na 2 CO 3 •3H 2 O 2 ) are prone to explosive release of oxygen; they cannot provide a stable oxygen supply for a long time. [22,23] In addition, the limited solubility of oxygen in water means that the oxygen released by these generators cannot be effectively utilized, leading to low usage. Further, the uncontrolled decomposition of inorganic peroxides in the presence of water may lead to safety issues, including severe cytotoxicity from the accumulation of peroxide-and free radical-based toxic compounds.…”

Molybdesum selenide-based platelet-rich plasma containing carboxymethyl chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone composite antioxidant hydrogels dressing promotes the wound healing

“…It has been successfully designed to efficiently and stably mimic the activity of natural enzymes [ 12 ]. As the research on nanoenzymes progressed, their application potentials in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant damage, and cancer therapy have been extensively explored [ 13 – 16 ]. Several studies reported that MoSe 2 can serve as a nanoenzyme to scavenge free radicals from damaged tissues and reduce the inflammatory response, thus showing great promise in wound healing research [ 17 , 18 ].…”