Oxytetracycline-hydrocortisone ointment reduces the occurrence of both dry socket and post-extraction pain after third molar extraction: An observational study

Abstract

Objectives Dry socket and post-extraction pain are typical discomforts experienced by patients after tooth extraction. In this study, we inserted gauze coated with oxytetracycline-hydrocortisone ointment into the extraction socket immediately after lower third molar extraction and then evaluated the occurrence of dry socket and post-extraction pain compared with gauze non-insertion. Methods This retrospective study was carried out on patients undergoing lower third molar extraction in the Department of Oral Surgery at Shizuoka Prefectural General Hospital in Shizuoka, Japan from November 2018 to October 2019. A comparison was carried out between a gauze-insertion group and a non-insertion group. The occurrence versus non-occurrence of dry socket was determined, and degree of pain was assessed based on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and on patients reporting the number of loxoprofen sodium oral analgesic tablets (60mg/tablet) that they had taken. Dry socket was defined as patient-reported spontaneous pain that did not subside 1 to 3 days postoperatively. Spontaneous post-extraction pain was recorded four times: on the operative day, on the first postoperative day (POD1), on POD3, and during suture removal (POD7). Results The occurrence of dry socket was lower in the gauze-insertion group than in the non-insertion group (0.9%, 2/215 vs. 19.6%, 9/46, p<0.001). The results also showed that both VAS-defined pain level and the number of analgesic tablets taken were lower in the gauze-insertion group than in the non-insertion group on POD3 and POD7. Conclusions and clinical relevance Inserting gauze coated with oxytetracycline-hydrocortisone ointment into the extraction socket immediately after third molar extraction reduces the occurrence of both dry socket and post-extraction pain.

Allelic diversity uncovers protein domains contributing to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance

“…We compared the growth of the WT and Δ ompU mutant strains under these conditions and identified thirteen antimicrobial compounds in the presence of which the WT strain exhibits at least two-fold greater area under the curve (AUC) compared to the Δ ompU mutant ( Fig 5A ). Of particular interest, four of these compounds are antibiotics that have been used in clinical settings: rifamycin, oxytetracycline, cinoxacin and troleandomycin [42-46]. Subsequently, we performed in-vitro survival assays in the presence of these antibiotics to corroborate the OmpU-dependent phenotypes observed in the phenotypic microarrays and determine whether resistance to these compounds is allelic-dependent.…”

“…Of particular interest, four of these compounds are antibiotics that have been used in clinical settings: rifamycin, oxytetracycline, cinoxacin and troleandomycin [42][43][44][45][46]. Subsequently, we performed in-vitro survival assays in the presence of these antibiotics to corroborate the OmpU-dependent phenotypes observed in the phenotypic microarrays and determine whether resistance to these compounds is allelic-dependent.…”

Antibacterial quaternary ammonium chitosan/carboxymethyl starch/alginate sponges with enhanced hemostatic property for the prevention of dry socket

“…Additionally, some biomaterials, such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) have also been used in clinical treatment. However, PRF is difficult and expensive to prepare and has insufficient hemostatic capacity, which limits its application to tooth post-extraction treatment ( Otake et al, 2021 ). Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a hemostatic material with good biocompatibility, low cost, and antibacterial properties for managing socket wounds and preventing dry socket following tooth extraction.…”

Comparison between ozone and CHX gel application for reduction of pain and incidence of dry socket after lower third molar removal

“…It causes severe pain 1–3 days after extraction, which may delay the healing and can even progress to chronic bone infection. The incidence of dry socket is 3% for all teeth and more than 30% in case of lower third molars (Otake et al, 2021 ). Disintegrated clot and pain are considered the most important clinical and subjective symptoms of dry socket.…”

“…Therefore, studies have focused to find the treatments which involved inserting ointment containing antibacterial or steroidal agents into the extraction socket. For instance, chlortetracycline ointment after tooth extraction showed a preventive effect on dry socket, but not on pain (Otake et al, 2021 ).…”