Oxytocin and the Neuroendocrine Basis of Affiliation

Insel, Thomas R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-631330-7.50016-2

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…8 Our findings show that there is a distinct display of love, although it may not be easily posed in photos like facial expressions of other emotions. The recent studies of oxytocin suggest that love may have distinct neural substrates (Gonzaga et al, 2001; Insel, 1993). Finally, our proposal that love serves a commitment function, which may increase the ability of offspring to survive, is in line with theories of the evolutionary value of emotions (Nesse, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, behavior that may relate to the experience of love, including certain kinds of smiles, enhances approach-related interactions between children and their caregivers (Fogel et al, 1997; Messinger & Fogel, 1998). Third, love appears to correlate with oxytocin (Carter, 1998; Gonzaga, Turner, Keltner, & Altemus, 2001), a neuropeptide that has been linked to bonding behavior in some mammalian species, including humans (Carter, 1998; Insel, 1993; Turner, Altemus, Enos, Cooper, & McGuinness, 1999).…”

Section: Love As An Internal Signal To Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Love and the commitment problem in romantic relations and friendship.

Gonzaga

Keltner²,

Londahl³

et al. 2001

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

264

223

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On the basis of the proposition that love promotes commitment, the authors predicted that love would motivate approach, have a distinct signal, and correlate with commitment-enhancing processes when relationships are threatened. The authors studied romantic partners and adolescent opposite-sex friends during interactions that elicited love and threatened the bond. As expected, the experience of love correlated with approach-related states (desire, sympathy). Providing evidence for a nonverbal display of love, four affiliation cues (head nods, Duchenne smiles, gesticulation, forward leans) correlated with self-reports and partner estimates of love. Finally, the experience and display of love correlated with commitment-enhancing processes (e.g., constructive conflict resolution, perceived trust) when the relationship was threatened. Discussion focused on love, positive emotion, and relationships. Things base and vile, holding no quantity, Love can transform to form and dignity, Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind, And therefore is winged Cupid painted blind.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Love As An Internal Signal To Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Love and the commitment problem in romantic relations and friendship.

Gonzaga

Keltner²,

Londahl³

et al. 2001

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

264

223

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“…It is released both in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the bloodstream and may promote bonding behavior by reducing anxiety (Carter & Altemus, 1997; Taylor et al, 2000; Uvnas-Moberg, 1998) and making social contact and affiliation pleasant (Insel, Young, & Zuoxin, 1997; Panksepp, 1998). OT is claimed to be one biological substrate of love (Carter, 1998; Insel, 1993).…”

Section: Study 2: the Role Of Ot In Romantic Love And Sexual Desirementioning

confidence: 99%

Romantic love and sexual desire in close relationships.

Gonzaga¹,

Turner²,

Keltner³

et al. 2006

Emotion

233

190

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Drawing on recent claims in the study of relationships, attachment, and emotion, the authors hypothesized that romantic love serves a commitment-related function and sexual desire a reproduction-related function. Consistent with these claims, in Study 1, brief experiences of romantic love and sexual desire observed in a 3-min interaction between romantic partners were related to distinct feeling states, distinct nonverbal displays, and commitment- and reproductive-related relationship outcomes, respectively. In Study 2, the nonverbal display of romantic love was related to the release of oxytocin. Discussion focuses on the place of romantic love and sexual desire in the literature on emotion.

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“…Findings from behavioral neuroendocrinology suggest that the hormonal basis of bonds is similar to that of parental investment. Specifically, experimental studies demonstrate that the hormones that underlie bonds (for example, oxytocin) also induce parental investment when injected into virgin animals who would otherwise kill unfamiliar young (Insel, 1993). Furthermore, the results from a direct test of the relationship between fitness interdependence, bonds, and giving demonstrated that fitness interdependence, bonds, and the desire to give at high cost could be measured as separable constructs (Brown, 1999;.…”

Section: A New Look At Interpersonal Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%