“…There are some general concerns about peripheral oxytocin measurements (McCullough et al, 2013 ), and some claims about dog-human co-evolution based on peripheral oxytocin measurements have been widely criticized (Kekecs et al, 2016 ). This is an ongoing debate, as some authors think that the role of oxytocin in the co-evolution of humans and domestic animals is clear (Herbeck et al, 2016 ), while others have a more critical attitude towards oxytocin research in dogs (Rault et al, 2017 ). The literature on the effect of intranasal oxytocin administration to dogs is less controversial, although not only “positive”, e.g., increased ability to follow human pointing, (Oliva et al, 2015 ; Macchitella et al, 2017 ), social sensitivity (Kovács et al, 2016b ), cognitive bias (Kis et al, 2015 ), but also “negative”, e.g., less friendly reaction to a threatening owner (Hernádi et al, 2015 ) effects have been found.…”