Ozonation of drinking water: Part I. Oxidation kinetics and product formation

Gunten, Urs von

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00457-8

Cited by 2,060 publications

(1,176 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…[6] Gas-bubble behavior on the substrates in liquid media, especially in aqueous media, significantly influences a broad range of applications. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] For instance, the adhesion of gas bubbles on an electrode will prevent contact between the electrode and electrolyte, resulting in a great decrease of gasevolution reactions (GERs) efficiency. [1,14,15] However, for gas-adsorption reactions (GARs), high adhesion force and large contact area between the electrode interfaces and bubbles are necessary.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201703053mentioning

confidence: 99%

Superwettability of Gas Bubbles and Its Application: From Bioinspiration to Advanced Materials

et al. 2017

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Gas bubbles in aqueous media are common and inevitable in, for example, agriculture and industrial processes. The behaviors of gas bubbles on solid interfaces, including generation, growth, coalescence, release, transport, and collection, are crucial to gas‐bubble‐related applications, which are always determined by gas‐bubble wettability on solid interfaces. Here, the recent progress regarding the study of interfaces with gas‐bubble superwettability in aqueous media, i.e., superaerophilicity and superaerophobicity, is summarized. Some examples illustrate how to design microstructures and chemical compositions to achieve reliable and effective manipulation of gas‐bubble wettability on artificial interfaces. These designed interfaces exhibit excellent performance in gas‐evolution reactions, gas‐adsorption reactions, and directional gas‐bubble transportation. Moreover, progress in the theoretical investigation of gas‐bubble superwettability is reported. Lastly, some challenges are presented, such as the reliable manipulation of gas‐bubble wettability and the establishment of mature theory for exactly and systematically explaining gas‐bubble wetting phenomena.

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Section: Doi: 101002/adma201703053mentioning

confidence: 99%

Superwettability of Gas Bubbles and Its Application: From Bioinspiration to Advanced Materials

et al. 2017

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“…A potential disadvantage of this process is the formation of unknown reactive by-products due to partial oxidation of the compounds and reaction with matrix components (von Gunten, 2003a). For example, undesirable toxic oxidation by-products such as nitrosamines N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), bromate or formaldehyde can be formed Richardson, 2003;Wert et al, 2007), potentially increasing the toxicity compared to non-ozonated wastewater (Petala et al, 2006;Petala et al, 2008;Stalter et al, 2010a;Stalter et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of micropollutants in municipal wastewater: Ozone or powdered activated carbon?

Margot

Kienle

Magnet³

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

684

404

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Highlights• Micropollutants are efficiently removed by both ozone and powdered activated carbon• Specific substances were removed more efficiently by ozone• Powdered activated carbon effectively removed a wider range of pollutants• Both treatments significantly reduced the toxicity of WWTP effluent AbstractMany organic micropollutants present in wastewater, such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides, are poorly removed in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To reduce the release of these substances into the aquatic environment, advanced wastewater treatments are necessary. In this context, two large-scale pilot advanced treatments were tested in parallel over more than one year at the municipal WWTP of Lausanne, Switzerland. The treatments were: i) oxidation by ozone followed by sand filtration (SF) and ii) powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption followed by either ultrafiltration (UF) or sand filtration. More than 70 potentially problematic substances (pharmaceuticals, pesticides, endocrine disruptors, drugs metabolites and other common chemicals) were regularly measured at different stages of treatment. Additionally, several ecotoxicological tests such as the yeast estrogen screen, a combined algae bioassay and a fish early life stage test were performed to evaluate effluent toxicity. Both treatments significantly improved the effluent quality. Micropollutants were removed on average over 80% compared with raw wastewater, with an average ozone dose of 5.7 mg O 3 l -1 or a PAC dose between 10 and 20 mg l -1 . Depending on the chemical properties of the substances (presence of electron-rich moieties, charge and hydrophobicity), either ozone or PAC performed better. Both advanced treatments led to a clear reduction in toxicity of the effluents, with PAC-UF performing slightly better overall. As both treatments had, on average, relatively similar efficiency, further criteria relevant to their implementation were considered, including local constraints (e.g., safety, sludge disposal, disinfection), operational feasibility and cost. For sensitive receiving waters (drinking water resources or recreational waters), the PAC-UF treatment, despite its current higher cost, was considered to be the most suitable option, enabling good removal of most micropollutants and macropollutants without forming problematic by-products, the strongest decrease in toxicity and a total disinfection of the effluent.

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“…In addition, hydroxyl radicals that are formed by the decomposition of ozone also add to the oxidizing potential of the ozonation process (von Gunten, 2003). From an economic standpoint, Joss et al (2008) considered the implementation of an ozonation treatment setup to be quite feasible in terms of energy and cost given that the total estimated cost of ozonation is between 0.05 and 0.20 € per m 3 of wastewater which does not consist a large part of the total cost of maintaining a WWTP (of course depending on the size of the plant and the level of dissolved organic carbon remaining in the treated water).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozonation of wastewater: Removal and transformation products of drugs of abuse

Rodayan

Segura

Yargeau

2014

Science of The Total Environment

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• The ozonation of six drugs of abuse and one human drug metabolite was carried out.• Drug removals vary between 3 and 50% for the ozone doses tested.• The main transformation products of the drugs of abuse were identified.• The most plausible structure of a transformation product of MDMA was elucidated. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o In this study amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine (BE), ketamine (KET) and oxycodone (OXY) in wastewater at concentrations of 100 μgL −1 were subjected to ozone to determine their removals as a function of ozone dose and to identify significant oxidation transformation products (OTPs) produced as a result of ozonation. A method based on high resolution mass spectrometry and differential analysis was used to facilitate and accelerate the identification and structural elucidation of the transformation products. The drug removal ranged from 3 to 50% depending on the complexity of the matrix and whether a mixture or individual drugs were ozonated. Both transient and persistent oxidation transformation products were identified for MDMA, COC and OXY and their chemical formulae were determined. Three possible structures of the persistent transformation product of MDMA (OTP-213) with chemical formula C 10 H 16 O 4 N, were determined based on MS n mass spectra and the most plausible structure (OTP-213a) was determined based on the chemistry of ozone. These results indicate that ozone is capable of removing drugs of abuse from wastewater to varying extents and that persistent transformation products are produced as a result of treatment.

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Ozonation of drinking water: Part I. Oxidation kinetics and product formation

Cited by 2,060 publications

References 124 publications

Superwettability of Gas Bubbles and Its Application: From Bioinspiration to Advanced Materials

Superwettability of Gas Bubbles and Its Application: From Bioinspiration to Advanced Materials

Treatment of micropollutants in municipal wastewater: Ozone or powdered activated carbon?

Ozonation of wastewater: Removal and transformation products of drugs of abuse

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