Ozone

Abstract

This article discusses solubility, absorptivity, explosivity, as well as thermodynamic, spectral, structural, and other physical properties of ozone in the gaseous, liquid, and solid states; it reviews both organic and inorganic chemistry and offers various analytical methods for determining ozone in the solution and the gas phase. It examines, from a mechanistic viewpoint, not only the thermal and photochemical decomposition of gaseous and aqueous ozone, but also its generation, including gas preparation, electrical requirements and characteristics, efficiency, costs, and design. In addition, the article investigates atmospheric ozone formation in the troposphere and the stratosphere from the standpoint of photochemical smog, surveying the effect of natural and anthropogenic contaminants on ozone decomposition. Finally, the article considers numerous health and safety issues, including such topics as the depletion of ozone layer, environmental and human exposure, and ozone disinfection by‐products. Ozone can be used in drinking water, high purity water for bottling and canning plants, as well as the pharmaceutical and electronics industry; it can be used to bleach textiles and natural products, to control industrial wastewater pollution and sewage, to disinfect wastewater as well as water for large aquariums and shrimp hatcheries, to treat process water, swimming pools, and spas; it can also be used for pulp bleaching, organic synthesis, medical applications, and food preservation.

Coupled surface dielectric barrier discharge reactor-ozone synthesis and nitric oxide conversion from air

“…For example, $70 g/kWh in coupled sliding discharges [18], 70-40 g/kWh in shielded sliding discharges [32], 10-110 g/ kWh in pulsed corona discharges [38,39], and 60-160 g/kWh in the case of surface-DBD [40]. Commercial ozone generators produce P6.5 g/N m 3 ozone from air with an energy yield 670 g/ kWh [41], which is comparable with the surface DBDs reported in this study.…”

Use of Ozone in the Textile Industry

“…It is necessary to determine the concentration of ozone produced by an ozone generator because of efficiency of processes, costs, excessive ozone, and environmental drawback [14,16]. Many analytical methods for the determination of ozone concentration have been described in the literature.…”

“…The pH value of iodine solution is adjusted to 2. Then, it is titrated with titrant solution sodium thiosulfate and starch indicator [14,[19][20][21]. Theoretically, one molecule of ozone releases one molecule of iodine as the triiodide ion.…”

“…Oxidants like H 2 O 2 and NO x are problem for the measurement method because of their interference with the analysis. The method is sensitive to pH, buffer composition, buffer concentration, iodide concentration, sampling techniques, temperature, and time [14,19,21].…”

“…It is necessary to be aware of its reactivity, instability, volatility, and the potential effect of interfering substances to measure the amount of ozone in water correctly. Ozone sometimes is sprinkled in drops by using an inert gas for analysis in the gas phase or on reabsorption in a clean solution in order to eliminate interferences [14].…”