Ozone-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes for Primidone Removal in Water using Simulated Solar Radiation and TiO2 or WO3 as Photocatalyst

Abstract

In this work, primidone, a high persistent pharmacological drug typically found in urban wastewaters, was degraded by different ozone combined AOPs using TiO2 P25 and commercial WO3 as photocatalyst. The comparison of processes, kinetics, nature of transformation products, and ecotoxicity of treated water samples, as well as the influence of the water matrix (ultrapure water or a secondary effluent), is presented and discussed. In presence of ozone, primidone is rapidly eliminated, with hydroxyl radicals being the main species involved. TiO2 was the most active catalyst regardless of the water matrix and the type of solar (global or visible) radiation applied. The synergy between ozone and photocatalysis (photocatalytic ozonation) for TOC removal was more evident at low O3 doses. In spite of having a lower band gap than TiO2 P25, WO3 did not bring any beneficial effects compared to TiO2 P25 regarding PRM and TOC removal. Based on the transformation products identified during ozonation and photocatalytic ozonation of primidone (hydroxyprimidone, phenyl-ethyl-malonamide, and 5-ethyldihydropirimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione), a degradation pathway is proposed. The application of the different processes resulted in an environmentally safe effluent for Daphnia magna.

Pilot-Scale Treatment of Neutral Pharmaceuticals in Municipal Wastewater Using Reverse Osmosis and Ozonation

“…While considerable data on the effectiveness of various treatment processes, especially advanced oxidation processes(AOPs), for the removal of PhACs can be found in the literature, almost all studies were conducted at lab or bench scale and very few reports exist that consider scaling of processes to address full-scale process effectiveness (Almomani et al 2016;Figueredo et al 2019;Hollman et al 2018;Mojiri et al 2019;Somathilake et al 2018). The complex matrix of treated municipal wastewater combined with very low PhAC concentrations and scaling issues make lab-scale data of low interest to designers and engineers who make decisions on process design in new municipal facilities.…”

Emerging pollutants—Part II: Treatment

“…Then, further oxidation is carried out by biological method to improve the mineralization rate of EPs and the quality of effluent (Monteil et al, 2019; Wang, Ying, et al, 2019; Wang, Su, et al, 2019; Wang, Wang, et al, 2019; Wang, Huang, et al, 2019; Wang, Cai, et al, 2019; Wang, Zhu, et al, 2019; Wang, Yin, et al, 2019; Wang, Qian, et al, 2019; Wang, Zhang, et al, 2019; Yan, Sun, et al, 2019; Yan, Yuan, et al, 2019). The combination of various chemical oxidation methods can improve the production efficiency of active groups in the system, leading to the removal rate improvement of EPs (Chen, Zhu, et al, 2019; Chen, Zhang, et al, 2019; Figueredo, Rodríguez, Checa, & Beltran, 2019; Orimolade, Koiki, Peleyeju, & Arotiba, 2019; Sedlazeck et al, 2019; Wang, Ying, et al (2019); ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Wang, Su, et al (2019), Wang, Wang, et al (2019), Wang, Huang, et al (2019), Wang, Cai, et al (2019), Wang, Zhu, et al (2019), Wang, Yin, et al (2019), Wang, Qian, et al (2019), Wang, Zhang, et al (2019); Xu, Yang, et al, 2019; Xu, Zhao, et al, 2019).…”

Water hyacinth plant extract mediated green synthesis of Cr2O3/ZnO composite photocatalyst for the degradation of organic dye

“…The method is low cost, environmental benign and leads to complete mineralization of organic pollutants from wastewater [ 14 , 15 ]. Among the promised photocatalys, semiconductor based heterogeneous catalysts have been studied and reported as efficient and effectively treatments methods [ 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 ] Semiconductor photocatalysts materials such as zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), and tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) have been widely studied for the wastewater treatment [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. ZnO, in particular, is considered as candidate materials for the degradation organic pollutants owing to its chemical stability, low cost , non-toxicity, and high photosensitivity [ 23 , 24 ].…”