Ozone Formation in Photochemical Oxidation of Organic Substances

Abstract

The formation of ozone through photochemical oxidation of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, and hydrocarbons, such as are present in gasoline, in the presence of small quantities of nitrogen oxides has been demonstrated. Ozone production without the addition of nitrogen oxides has been observed in the photochemical oxidation of biacetyl, bibutyryl, pyruvic acid, and butyl nitrite. The ozone produced in these reactions was identified by chemical and physical methods. The ozone formation is attributed to a peroxide radical chain reaction. The release of large quantities of hydrocarbons to the air and the simultaneous presence of nitrogen oxides from combustion processes explains the relatively high ozone content, and consequent severe rubber cracking, in the Los Angeles area. These findings should be considered in planning rubber storage facilities. In view of the irritating properties of the products formed by this photochemical oxidation, both hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides should be considered as potential irritants when they occur simultaneously in the air at low concentrations.

Past and present-day biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in East Asia

“…Ground-level ozone and particulate matter typically associated with photochemical smog are formed by the photoxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) (Haagen-Smit and Fox, 1956;NRC, 1991). The possibility that biogenic VOC could have an impact on local and regional air quality was first noted by Went (1960), who documented the emission of biogenic VOC from trees and proposed that their oxidation could give rise to the so-called ''blue hazes'' often seen in forested areas.…”

Formação De Ozônio Troposférico: Uma Revisão Da Literatura

“…As reações de dissociação do NO 2 As diferentes velocidades de reação dos COVs presentes na atmosfera podem causar divergências significativas quanto aos seus efeitos na formação do O 3 através das reações secundárias descritas. Para isso, foi criado o conceito de reatividade dos COVs para representar essas diferenças.…”

“…Esse efeito foi estudado especialmente em Los Angeles, local onde as condições de ventos fracos, cadeias montanhosas no entorno e alta radiação solar incidente causavam aumento de ocorrência deste fenômeno [1]. A base para a modelagem das reações químicas envolvidas no processo do smog fotoquímico foi desenvolvida na época [2,3]. Os resultados obtidos dos estudos foram importantes pontos de partida para a criação de órgãos legisladores de normas ambientais, como a California Air Resources Board (CARB), uma das mais restritivas agências reguladoras de emissões antropogênicas.…”

Sources of C2–C4 alkenes, the most important ozone nonmethane hydrocarbon precursors in the Pearl River Delta region

“…Tropospheric ozone is formed from the photochemical reactions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxide (NO x ) in the presence of sunlight (Haagen-smit and Fox, 1956;Finlayson-Pitts, 2010). As a key trace constituent in the troposphere, ozone plays a vital role in controlling the chemical composition of the troposphere (Logan, 1985).…”